RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Cancer JF The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine JO J Am Board Fam Med FD American Board of Family Medicine SP 832 OP 837 DO 10.3122/jabfm.2021.04.200588 VO 34 IS 4 A1 Nogues, Juan C. A1 Fassas, Scott A1 Mulcahy, Collin A1 Zapanta, Philip E. YR 2021 UL http://www.jabfm.org/content/34/4/832.abstract AB Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has historically been attributable to tobacco and alcohol exposure and saw a decline in incidence after societal norms shifted away from smoking. In recent decades, this disease has had a re-emergence due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, now surpassing cervical cancer as the number 1 cause of HPV-related cancer in the United States. HPV-positive OPSCC differs from HPV-negative disease in epidemiology, prognosis, treatment, and prevention. Additionally, there is a deficit in awareness of the causal relationship between HPV and OPSCC. This, coupled with low vaccination rates, puts primary care providers in a unique position to play a vital role in prevention and early diagnosis. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, screening, patient presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention of HPV-positive OPSCC, with a focus on the primary care provider's role.