@article {King801, author = {Dana E. King and Jun Xiang}, title = {The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated With Diabetes Severity}, volume = {32}, number = {6}, pages = {801--806}, year = {2019}, doi = {10.3122/jabfm.2019.06.190092}, publisher = {The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine}, abstract = {Objective: The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a recently developed dietary inflammation assessment tool. The current study examined the association between DII and the presence and severity of diabetes in adults age >=20 years.Research Design and Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 4434 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2013 to 2014). The DII was calculated based on 24-hour dietary recall data. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship and control for possible confounding factors.Results: Among 4434 participants, mean age was 49.4 years, mean BMI (body mass index) was 29.3 kg/m2, and mean DII (higher is more inflammatory) was 0.65 (range, -3.41 to +9.05). The mean DII scores in participants with and without diabetes were 0.79 and 0.50, respectively (P = .0098). Participants with Hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) \>9\% had higher DII scores than those with 6.5\% to 9\% HgbA1c (1.37 vs 0.54, P = .0002) and those with \<6.5\% HgbA1c (1.37 vs 0.50, P \< .0001). With 1 point increase in the DII score, odds of having diabetes increased by 13\% (95\% CI, 1.02 to 1.24). Among the individuals with diabetes, we also observed a significant association between severity of diabetes and DII scores; with 1 point increase in DII score, the odds of having HgbA1c higher than 9\% increased by 43\% (95\% CI, 1.21 to 1.68).Conclusions: The DII had a significant association with diabetes and a stronger association when HgbA1c \>9\%. Further research will help clarify the association between inflammation and diet and the utility of the DII as a tool in risk assessment and management of patients with diabetes.}, issn = {1557-2625}, URL = {https://www.jabfm.org/content/32/6/801}, eprint = {https://www.jabfm.org/content/32/6/801.full.pdf}, journal = {The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine} }