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Research ArticleFamily Medicine and the Health Care System

Evaluating the Impact of an eConsult Platform on Specialty Care Access for Medicaid Patients

Birpartap S. Thind, Moriah Maddalena, Waheed Baqai, Stanley K. Frencher and William W. Jih
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine August 2025, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2024.240322R1
Birpartap S. Thind
From the Medical Student, California University of Science and Medicine (BT); Medical Student, Loma Linda University School of Medicine (MM); Adjunct Professor, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University (WB); Associate Professor, UCLA DGSOM Department of Urology (SKF); Associate Professor, Loma Linda University School of Medicine Department of Family Medicine WWJ.
MHA
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Moriah Maddalena
From the Medical Student, California University of Science and Medicine (BT); Medical Student, Loma Linda University School of Medicine (MM); Adjunct Professor, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University (WB); Associate Professor, UCLA DGSOM Department of Urology (SKF); Associate Professor, Loma Linda University School of Medicine Department of Family Medicine WWJ.
MD
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Waheed Baqai
From the Medical Student, California University of Science and Medicine (BT); Medical Student, Loma Linda University School of Medicine (MM); Adjunct Professor, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University (WB); Associate Professor, UCLA DGSOM Department of Urology (SKF); Associate Professor, Loma Linda University School of Medicine Department of Family Medicine WWJ.
MPH
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Stanley K. Frencher Jr.
From the Medical Student, California University of Science and Medicine (BT); Medical Student, Loma Linda University School of Medicine (MM); Adjunct Professor, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University (WB); Associate Professor, UCLA DGSOM Department of Urology (SKF); Associate Professor, Loma Linda University School of Medicine Department of Family Medicine WWJ.
MD, MPH
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William W. Jih
From the Medical Student, California University of Science and Medicine (BT); Medical Student, Loma Linda University School of Medicine (MM); Adjunct Professor, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University (WB); Associate Professor, UCLA DGSOM Department of Urology (SKF); Associate Professor, Loma Linda University School of Medicine Department of Family Medicine WWJ.
MD, MBA
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Article Figures & Data

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    Figure 1.

    eConsult analysis: advice rates and wait times by specialty.

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    Table 1.

    Category Dictionary

    CategoryDescription
    eConsult completeInstances where the patient's needs were adequately addressed through the eConsult process, eliminating the necessity for an in-person specialist visit.
    Referral with management recommendationseConsults recommending an in-person visit with a specialist, accompanied by specific recommendations for ongoing patient management.
    Referral without recommendationsCases where eConsults led to a specialist referral for face-to-face without accompanying recommendations for patient management.
    Referral to different specialtyeConsult outcomes involving a recommendation to consult a specialist from a different medical field.
    Consult canceled or expiredeConsults that were either canceled or expired due to inactivity, often attributed to insufficient information provided by the referring clinician.
    Testing adviceIncludes lab tests, imaging tests, biopsy, or any diagnostic tool recommended by the specialist.
    Treatment adviceEncompasses medications, lifestyle modifications, supplements, and other recommendations aimed at improving the patient's symptoms.
    Specialty changeIndicates a complete change from one specialty to another or a recommendation to consult a different specialty in addition to the one being consulted.
    Authorized and appointment completedDenoting eConsults that were allocated an authorization number and resulted in a paid claim, indicating completion of the appointment.
    Authorized but no appointment completedRepresenting eConsults that received an authorization number but did not result in a paid claim, suggesting a lack of completion for the appointment.
    Referral requested with no corresponding authorizationCharacterizing eConsults closed with the intention for an in-person visit but lacking an assigned authorization number and resulting in no paid claim. This category, observed in a minority of consults, typically stems from administrative errors.
    No appointment requestedeConsults that either never initially requested an appointment or the appointment was no longer needed after advice.
    • View popup
    Table 2.

    Consultation Demographics

    Count of Consult% of ConsultsAverage of Age@ConsultsStdDev of Age@Consults
    Dermatology1,09353.2142.6816.90
     Female72735.3942.0816.06
     Male36617.8243.8818.41
    Pulmonology47323.0349.9615.27
     Female28814.0248.9515.71
     Male1859.0151.5214.46
    Urology48823.7648.5316.31
     Female1728.3747.9214.71
     Male31615.3848.8617.13
    Grand total2,054100.0045.7416.72
    • View popup
    Table 3.

    Consult Outcomes by Specialty

    DermatologyPulmonologyUrology
    Total eConsults1,305537663
    Refer in-person (No recs.)68%66%61%
    Refer in-person (with recs.)16%24%34%
    No referral necessary13%6%5%
    Specialty change1%3%0%
    Consult canceled/Expired2%1%0%
    Specialist advice/Recs for PCP27%25%37%
    Treatment recs95%43%67%
    Testing recs22%85%79%
    • Note: Recommendations, provided to primary care physician (PCP) by the specialist; Testing and Treatment Recs. Are subcategory of Specialists advice/recs.Testing Advice: Includes lab tests, imaging tests, biopsy, or any diagnostic tool recommended by the specialist; Treatment Advice: Encompasses medications, lifestyle modifications, supplements, and other recommendations aimed at improving the patient's symptoms.

    • View popup
    Table 4.

    Authorization by Specialty

    SpecialtyDermatologyPulmonologyUrology
    Total eConsults1,305537663
    No referral/Appt required16%6%25%
    Referral/Appt request required84%94%75%
    Authorized with Appt completed41%27%28%
    Authorized but no Appt completed57%71%71%
    Not authorized but Appt requested2%3%2%
    • Abbreviation: Appt, Appointment.

    • View popup
    Table 5.

    Comparison of Average Face-to-Face Appointment Wait Times

    DermatologyPulmonologyUrology
    Our medicaid findings (days)4536.7561.13
    National medicaid average (days)50Not Available35
    General average (days)34.525.219.2
    • Note: The average wait time for study reflects the time from eConsult creation to in-person appointment with a specialists for Medicaid patients in the Inland Empire. eConsult facilitated faster in-person appointment times by allowing for faster authorizations to take place due to prior specialty recs in some cases.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family   Medicine: 38 (6)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 38, Issue 6
November-December 2025
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Evaluating the Impact of an eConsult Platform on Specialty Care Access for Medicaid Patients
Birpartap S. Thind, Moriah Maddalena, Waheed Baqai, Stanley K. Frencher, William W. Jih
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Aug 2025, DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2024.240322R1

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Evaluating the Impact of an eConsult Platform on Specialty Care Access for Medicaid Patients
Birpartap S. Thind, Moriah Maddalena, Waheed Baqai, Stanley K. Frencher, William W. Jih
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Aug 2025, DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2024.240322R1
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