Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Characteristics of the Population Overall and Stratified by COVID-19 and Long COVID History
Characteristic Overall Never Had COVID-19 Had COVID-19 Without Long COVID Had Long COVID P value Weighted Frequency Weighted % (SE) Weighted Frequency Weighted % (SE) Weighted Frequency Weighted % (SE) Weighted Frequency Weighted % (SE) Total population 125,151,402 100 53,694,100 42.9 (0.72) 62,099,281 49.6 (0.74) 9,358,021 7.5 (0.37) Age (years) 0.0215 18 to 44 68,415,223 54.7 (0.87) 28,495,420 53.1 (1.17) 35,219,053 56.7 (1.25) 4,700,750 50.2 (2.84) ≥45 56,736,179 45.3 (0.87) 25,198,680 46.9 (1.17) 26,880,228 43.3 (1.25) 4,657,271 49.8 (2.84) Sex <0.0001 Male 70,978,148 56.7 (0.56) 31,809,504 59.2 (0.95) 34,987,964 56.3 (0.82) 4,180,680 44.7 (2.60) Female 54,173,254 43.3 (0.56) 21,884,596 40.8 (0.95) 27,111,317 43.7 (0.82) 5,177,341 55.3 (2.60) Race <0.0001 Non-Hispanic White 73,854,291 59.0 (1.21) 29,023,176 54.1 (1.50) 38,350,405 61.8 (1.33) 6,480,710 69.3 (2.35) Other 51,297,111 41.0 (1.21) 24,670,924 45.9 (1.50) 23,748,876 38.2 (1.33) 2,877,311 30.7 (2.35) Education <0.0001 High school diploma or lower 56,340,392 45.5 (1.03) 26,879,300 50.7 (1.36) 25,063,458 40.6 (1.23) 4,397,634 47.6 (3.01) College degree 67,607,262 54.5 (1.03) 26,150,794 49.3 (1.36) 36,613,470 59.4 (1.23) 4,842,997 52.4 (3.01) Census region 0.0021 Northeast 21,108,937 16.9 (1.30) 8,089,027 15.1 (1.41) 11,363,193 18.3 (1.49) 1,656,717 17.7 (2.12) Midwest 26,104,151 20.9 (1.60) 10,732,981 20.0 (1.71) 13,048,867 21.0 (1.66) 2,322,303 24.8 (3.00) South 48,350,371 38.6 (1.87) 22,353,951 41.6 (1.98) 22,608,337 36.4 (2.03) 3,388,082 36.2 (3.27) West 29,587,943 23.6 (1.56) 12,518,141 23.3 (1.73) 15,078,883 24.3 (1.69) 1,990,919 21.3 (2.12) Marital status <0.0001 Married 70,125,978 56.0 (0.88) 27,407,943 51.0 (1.21) 37,464,371 60.3 (1.23) 5,253,664 56.1 (2.57) Not married 55,025,424 44.0 (0.88) 26,286,158 49.0 (1.21) 24,634,909 39.7 (1.23) 4,104,357 43.9 (2.57) Has a usual care provider <0.0001 Yes 76,882,820 64.2 (0.87) 29,791,067 58.5 (1.41) 40,580,453 67.8 (1.06) 6,511,300 72.5 (2.62) No 42,857,938 35.8 (0.87) 21,153,056 41.5 (1.41) 19,235,208 32.2 (1.06) 2,469,674 27.5 (2.62) Paid sick leave <0.0001 Yes 87,342,660 80.3 (0.67) 35,235,645 76.6 (1.03) 45,559,215 83.5 (0.79) 6,547,801 79.2 (2.41) No 21,492,408 19.7 (0.67) 10,759,006 23.4 (1.03) 9,009,022 16.5 (0.79) 1,724,381 20.8 (2.41) Ever had a COVID-19 vaccine 0.2259 Yes 103,148,663 83.1 (0.75) 43,707,262 82.3 (0.94) 51,925,986 84.1 (0.97) 7,515,415 81.6 (2.31) No 20,908,687 16.9 (0.75) 9,421,625 17.7 (0.94) 9,796,647 15.9 (0.97) 1,690,415 18.4 (2.31) Current cigarette smoker <0.0001 Yes 14,426,611 11.6 (0.54) 7,606,261 14.3 (0.81) 5,574,395 9.0 (0.66) 1,245,956 13.5 (1.76) No 109,735,933 88.4 (0.5) 45,529,825 85.7 (0.81) 56,198,896 91.0 (0.66) 8,007,213 86.5 (1.76) Previous diagnosis of asthma, chronic bronchitis (past 12 months), or emphysema <0.0001 Yes 17,588,395 14.1 (0.50) 6,639,725 12.4 (0.66) 8,801,061 14.2 (0.69) 2,147,610 23.0 (2.23) No 107,031,476 85.9 (0.50) 46,768,074 87.6 (0.66) 53,073,150 85.8 (0.69) 7,190,252 77.0 (2.23) Previous diagnosis of diabetes 0.1856 Yes 9,246,633 7.4 (0.42) 4,033,957 7.5 (0.51) 4,326,616 7.0 (0.58) 886,060 9.5 (1.51) No 115,867,654 92.6 (0.42) 49,637,629 92.5 (0.51) 57,758,064 93.0 (0.58) 8,471,961 90.5 (1.51) Previous diagnosis of hypertension 0.0008 Yes 29,962,982 24.0 (0.63) 12,658,108 23.6 (0.83) 14,338,826 23.1 (0.96) 2,966,048 31.7 (2.22) No 95,022,288 76.0 (0.63) 40,950,640 76.4 (0.83) 47,679,675 76.9 (0.96) 6,391,973 68.3 (2.22) Abbreviation: SE, standard error.
- Table 2.
Number of Days of Work Missed Due to Illness or Injury in 2022, Stratified by COVID-19 and Long COVID History
Variable Group 1: Never Had COVID-19 Group 2: Had COVID-19 Wthout Long COVID Group 3:Had Long COVID P value Post-Hoc Test (Tukey-Kramer) Weighted Mean (SE) Weighted Mean (SE) Weighted Mean (SE) Group Comparison Difference, Weighted Mean (SE) Adjusted 95% Confidence Intervals Adjusted P value Number of days of work missed due to illness or injury in 2022 3.12 (0.19) 5.20 (0.22) 8.44 (0.60) <0.0001 2 versus 1 2.08 (0.29) (1.39, 2.76) <0.0001 3 versus 1 5.32 (0.72) (3.62, 7.02) <0.0001 2 versus 3 −3.24 (0.71) (−4.92, −1.55) <0.0001 Abbreviation: SE, standard error.
