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Research ArticleResearch Letter

US Trends in Lacking a Personal Doctor, by Educational Attainment, 2016–2023

James R. Burmeister and Ida J. Rubino
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine September 2026, 39 (1) 168433; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2025.250314R1
James R. Burmeister
1 Department of Foundational Medical Studies Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine
BS
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Ida J. Rubino
2 Department of Family Medicine Corewell Health Beaumont Troy Hospital
MD
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References

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    1. Starfield B.,
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    (2005) Contribution of primary care to health systems and health. Milbank Q 83(3):457–502, doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00409.x, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00409.x. .
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    1. Bazemore A.,
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    (2023) The Impact of interpersonal continuity of primary care on health care costs and use: a critical review. Ann Fam Med 21(3):274–279, doi:10.1370/afm.2961, https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2961. .
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    1. Suiter S.V.,
    2. Meadows M.L.
    (2023) Educational attainment and educational contexts as social determinants of health. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 50(4):579–589, doi:10.1016/j.pop.2023.04.007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2023.04.007. .
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    State Health Access Data Assistance Center. . 2025-8-9. https://statehealthcompare.shadac.org/.
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    1. Berkman N. D.,
    2. Sheridan S. L.,
    3. Donahue K. E.,
    4. Halpern D. J.,
    5. Crotty K.
    (2011) Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review. Ann Intern Med 155(2):97–107, doi:10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005, https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005. .
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    1. United States Census Bureau
    (9 14, 2021) Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2020. . 2025-8-9. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/income-poverty-health-insurance-coverage.html.
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    1. Gold S. B.,
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    (2021) Heeding the call for urgent primary care payment reform: what do we know about how to get started? J Am Board Fam Med 34(2):424–429, doi:10.3122/jabfm.2021.02.200433, https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2021.02.200433. .
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
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The Journal of the American Board of Family   Medicine: 39 (1)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 39, Issue 1
1 Jan 2026
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US Trends in Lacking a Personal Doctor, by Educational Attainment, 2016–2023
James R. Burmeister, Ida J. Rubino
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Sep 2026, 39 (1) 168433; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2025.250314R1

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US Trends in Lacking a Personal Doctor, by Educational Attainment, 2016–2023
James R. Burmeister, Ida J. Rubino
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Sep 2026, 39 (1) 168433; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2025.250314R1
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Keywords

  • Access to Health Care
  • Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
  • Continuity of Patient Care
  • Health Disparities
  • Health Services Accessibility
  • Physician-Patient Relations
  • Population Health
  • Primary Health Care
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