Article Information
PubMed
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History
- Received for publication July 30, 2025
- Accepted for publication November 3, 2025
- Published online May 29, 2026.
Copyright & Usage
© 2026 Copyright by the American Board of Family Medicine.
Author Information
- Bradley G. Changstrom, MD12,
- James C. Puffer, MD13,
- Thomas R. O’Neill, PhD1,
- Ting Wang, PhD1,
- James Kinderknecht, MD4,
- Suzanne Hecht, MD5,
- Holly J. Benjamin, MD6 and
- Warren P. Newton, MD, MPH17
- 1 The American Board of Family Medicine
- 2 School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine University of Colorado
- 3 David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine University of California, Los Angeles https://ror.org/046rm7j60
- 4 Hospital for Special Surgery at NCH
- 5 Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Minnesota https://ror.org/017zqws13
- 6 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rehabilitation Medicine and Pediatrics University of Chicago https://ror.org/024mw5h28
- 7 Department of Family Medicine University of North Carolina
Funding
The research was funded by the American Board of Family Medicine. The cosponsoring boards of the Certificate of Added Qualification Sports Medicine including the American Board of Pediatrics, the American Board of Emergency Medicine and the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation participated in the research and provided in-kind support. The American Board of Internal Medicine, a qualifying board, provided in-kind support.






