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History
- Received for publication August 23, 2024
- Revision received October 30, 2024
- Revision received November 6, 2024
- Accepted for publication January 13, 2025
- Published online September 15, 2025.
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© 2025 Copyright by the American Board of Family Medicine.
Author Information
- Tristen L. Hall, PhD, MPH,
- Douglas H. Fernald, MA,
- Vivian Jiang, MD,
- Kristen Curcija, MPH,
- Joseph W. LeMaster, MD, MPH,
- John M. Westfall, MD, MPH,
- Donald E. Nease Jr., MD and
- Linda Zittleman, MSPH
- From the Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (TLH, DHF, VJ, KC, JMW, DEN, LZ); and University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS (JWL).
- Corresponding author: Tristen Hall, PhD, MPH, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12631 E. 17th Ave., Mail Stop F-496, Aurora, CO 80045 (E-mail: Tristen.Hall{at}cuanschutz.edu).
Prior presentations: North American Primary Care Research Group (NAPCRG) Practice-Based Research Network Conference, May 2023, Bethesda, MD (Preliminary results); Public Health in the Rockies, September 2023, Keystone, CO; NAPCRG Annual Meeting, November 2024, Québec City, Québec, Canada.






