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History
- Received for publication September 13, 2024
- Revision received December 12, 2024
- Accepted for publication January 6, 2025
- Published online September 15, 2025.
Copyright & Usage
© 2025 Copyright by the American Board of Family Medicine.
Author Information
- Jeanette M. Daly, RN, PhD,
- Yinghui Xu, MS,
- Seth D. Crockett, MD, MPH,
- Richard M. Hoffman, MD, MPH and
- Barcey T. Levy, PhD, MD
- From the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA (JMD, YX, RMH, BTL); University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC (SDC); Oregon Health & Science University and Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR (SDC); Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (RMH, BTL); and University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA (BTL).
- Corresponding author: Jeanette M. Daly, RN, PhD, Department of Family Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, 01110-F PFP, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 (E-mail: jeanette-daly{at}uiowa.edu).






