Skip to main content

Main menu

  • HOME
  • ARTICLES
    • Current Issue
    • Archives
    • Special Collections
    • Abstracts In Press
  • INFO FOR
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Call For Papers
    • Subscribers
    • Advertisers
  • SUBMIT
    • Manuscript
    • Peer Review
  • ABOUT
    • The JABFM
    • The Editing Fellowship
    • Editorial Board
    • Indexing
  • CLASSIFIEDS
  • Other Publications
    • abfm

User menu

Search

  • Advanced search
American Board of Family Medicine
  • Other Publications
    • abfm
American Board of Family Medicine

American Board of Family Medicine

Advanced Search

  • HOME
  • ARTICLES
    • Current Issue
    • Archives
    • Special Collections
    • Abstracts In Press
  • INFO FOR
    • Authors
    • Reviewers
    • Call For Papers
    • Subscribers
    • Advertisers
  • SUBMIT
    • Manuscript
    • Peer Review
  • ABOUT
    • The JABFM
    • The Editing Fellowship
    • Editorial Board
    • Indexing
  • CLASSIFIEDS
  • JABFM on Bluesky
  • JABFM On Facebook
  • JABFM On Twitter
  • JABFM On YouTube
Research ArticleOriginal Research

A Review of 50 Years of International Literature on the External Environment of Building Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs)

Anna Dania, Zsolt Nagykaldi, Ari Haaranen, Jean W. M. Muris, Philip H. Evans, Pekka Mäntyselkä and Chris van Weel
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine July 2022, 35 (4) 762-792; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2022.04.210411
Anna Dania
From CAPHRI Institute, Maastricht University (AD); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (ZN); University of Eastern Finland (AH); University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, England (PHE); University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (PM); Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, Radboud University Nijmegen, and Australian National University (CVW).
MPH, PhD, Candidate
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Zsolt Nagykaldi
From CAPHRI Institute, Maastricht University (AD); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (ZN); University of Eastern Finland (AH); University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, England (PHE); University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (PM); Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, Radboud University Nijmegen, and Australian National University (CVW).
PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ari Haaranen
From CAPHRI Institute, Maastricht University (AD); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (ZN); University of Eastern Finland (AH); University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, England (PHE); University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (PM); Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, Radboud University Nijmegen, and Australian National University (CVW).
PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jean W. M. Muris
From CAPHRI Institute, Maastricht University (AD); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (ZN); University of Eastern Finland (AH); University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, England (PHE); University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (PM); Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, Radboud University Nijmegen, and Australian National University (CVW).
MD, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Philip H. Evans
From CAPHRI Institute, Maastricht University (AD); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (ZN); University of Eastern Finland (AH); University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, England (PHE); University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (PM); Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, Radboud University Nijmegen, and Australian National University (CVW).
FRCGP, MPhil
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Pekka Mäntyselkä
From CAPHRI Institute, Maastricht University (AD); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (ZN); University of Eastern Finland (AH); University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, England (PHE); University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (PM); Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, Radboud University Nijmegen, and Australian National University (CVW).
MD, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Chris van Weel
From CAPHRI Institute, Maastricht University (AD); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (ZN); University of Eastern Finland (AH); University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, England (PHE); University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (PM); Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, Radboud University Nijmegen, and Australian National University (CVW).
MD, PhD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Lindbloom EJ,
    2. Ewigman BG,
    3. Hickner JM
    . Practice-based research networks: the laboratories of primary care research. Med Care 2004;42.
  2. 2.↵
    1. Thomas P,
    2. Griffiths F,
    3. Kai J,
    4. O'Dwyer A
    . Networks for research in primary health care. BMJ 2001;322:588–90.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  3. 3.↵
    1. Green LA,
    2. Dovey SM
    . Practice based primary care research networks: They work and are ready for full development and support. BMJ 2001;322:567–8.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  4. 4.↵
    1. van Weel C,
    2. de Grauw W
    . Family practices registration networks contributed to primary care research. J Clin Epidemiol 2006;59:779–83.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  5. 5.↵
    1. van WC,
    2. Rosser WW
    . Improving health care globally: A critical review of the necessity of family medicine research and recommendations to build research capacity. Ann Fam Med 2004;2:S5–S16.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  6. 6.↵
    1. Fleming DM,
    2. Norbury CA,
    3. Crombie DL
    . Annual and seasonal variation in the incidence of common diseases. Occas Pap R Coll Gen Pract 1991;1–24.
  7. 7.↵
    1. van Weel C
    . The continuous morbidity registration Nijmegen: Background and history of a Dutch general practice database. Eur J Gen Pract 2008;14.
  8. 8.↵
    1. Green LA,
    2. Simmons RL,
    3. Reed FM,
    4. Warren PS,
    5. Morrison JD
    . A family medicine information system: The beginning of a network for practicing and resident family physicians. J Fam Pract. 1978; 3:567–576.
    OpenUrl
  9. 9.↵
    1. Nelson EC,
    2. Kirk JW,
    3. Bise BW,
    4. et al
    . The Cooperative Information Project: Part 1: a sentinel practice network for service and research in primary care. J Fam Pract 1981;13.
  10. 10.↵
    1. Nelson EC,
    2. Kirk JW,
    3. Bise BW,
    4. et al
    . The cooperative information project: Part 2: some initial clinical, quality assurance, and practice management studies. J Fam Pract 1981;13.
  11. 11.↵
    1. Iverson DC,
    2. Calonge N,
    3. Miller RS,
    4. Niebauer LJ,
    5. Reed FM
    . The development and management of a primary care research network. Fam Med 1988;20:1978–87.
    OpenUrl
  12. 12.↵
    1. Green LA,
    2. Hickner J
    . A short history of primary care practice-based research networks: from concept to essential research laboratories. J Am Board Fam Med 2006;19:1–10.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  13. 13.↵
    1. Van Weel C,
    2. Smith H,
    3. Beasley JW
    . Family practice research networks: experiences from 3 countries. J Fam Pract 2000;49.
  14. 14.↵
    1. Dania A,
    2. Nagykaldi Z,
    3. Haaranen A,
    4. et al
    . A review of 50 years of international literature on the internal environment of building Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs). J Am Board Fam Med 2021;34:762–97.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  15. 15.↵
    1. Arksey H,
    2. O'Malley L
    . Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol Theory Pract 2005;8.
  16. 16.↵
    1. Binstock R,
    2. George L,
    3. Cutler S,
    4. Hendricks J,
    5. Schulz J
    1. Moren-Cross J,
    2. Lin N
    . Social networks and health. In: Binstock R, George L, Cutler S, Hendricks J, Schulz J, eds. Handbook of aging and the social sciences. Academic Press; 2006:111–5.
  17. 17.↵
    1. Thomas P,
    2. Graffy J,
    3. Wallace P,
    4. Kirby M
    . How primary care networks can help integrate academic and service initiatives in primary care. Ann Fam Med 2006;4:235–9.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  18. 18.↵
    1. Brass DJ,
    2. Galaskiewicz J,
    3. Greve HR,
    4. Tsai W
    . Taking stock of networks and organizations: A multilevel perspective. Acad Manag J 2004;47.
  19. 19.↵
    1. Braun V,
    2. Clarke V
    . Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol 2006;3.
  20. 20.↵
    1. Maguire M,
    2. Delahunt B
    . Doing a thematic analysis: a practical, step-by-step guide for learning and teaching scholars. All Irel J Teach Learn High Educn 2017;8.
  21. 21.↵
    1. Vaismoradi M,
    2. Turunen H,
    3. Bondas T
    . Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nurs Heal Sci 2013;15.
  22. 22.↵
    American Academy of Family Physicians. Practice-based research networks in the 21st century: the pearls of research.; 1998. https://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/patient_care/nrn/pearlsofresearch.pdf.
  23. 23.↵
    1. Fagnan LJ,
    2. Morris C,
    3. Shipman SA,
    4. Holub J,
    5. King A,
    6. Angier H
    . Characterizing a practice-based research network: Oregon rural practice-based research network (ORPRN) survey tools. J Am Board Fam Med 2007;20.
  24. 24.↵
    1. Williamson HA,
    2. Hector MG,
    3. LeFevre M,
    4. White RD
    . Establishing a rural family practice research network. Fam Med 1988;20.
  25. 25.↵
    1. Westfall JM,
    2. VanVorst RF,
    3. Main DS,
    4. Herbert C
    . Community-based participatory research in practice-based research networks. Ann Fam Med 2006;4.
  26. 26.↵
    1. Solberg LI,
    2. Cole PM,
    3. Seifert MH
    . The Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians' Research Network: a vehicle for practice-based research. Minn Med 1986;69.
  27. 27.↵
    1. Pearce KA,
    2. Love MM,
    3. Barron MA,
    4. Matheny SC,
    5. Mahfoud Z
    . How and why to study the practice content of a practice-based research network. Ann Fam Med 2004;2.
  28. 28.↵
    1. Mold JW,
    2. Barton ED
    . OAFP starts practice-based resource/research network. J Okla State Med Assoc 1996;89.
  29. 29.↵
    1. Sardell A
    . Clinical networks and clinician retention: the case of CDN. J Community Health 1996;21:437–51.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  30. 30.↵
    RRNET. About RRNeT Institute for Integration of Medicine and Science. Accessed June 28, 2020. Available from: https://iims.uthscsa.edu/RRNeT/about.
  31. 31.↵
    1. Dulin MF,
    2. Tapp H,
    3. Smith HA,
    4. Urquieta de Hernandez B,
    5. Furuseth OJ
    . A community based participatory approach to improving health in a Hispanic population. Implement Sci 2011;6.
  32. 32.↵
    1. DeVoe JE,
    2. Sears A
    . The ochin community information network: Bringing together community health centers, information technology, and data to support a patient-centered medical village. J Am Board Fam Med 2013;26:271–8.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  33. 33.↵
    1. Kuo GM,
    2. Steinbauer JR,
    3. Spann SJ
    . Conducting medication safety research projects in a primary care physician practice-based research network. J Am Pharm Assoc 2008;48.
  34. 34.↵
    1. Anderko L,
    2. Lundeen S,
    3. Bartz C
    . The Midwest Nursing Centers Consortium Research Network: translating research into practice. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2006;7:101–9.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  35. 35.↵
    1. Serwint JR,
    2. Thoma KA,
    3. Dabrow SM
    , for the CORNET Investigatorset al. Comparing patients seen in pediatric resident continuity clinics and National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey practices: A study from the Continuity Research Network. Pediatrics 2006;118:e849–e858.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  36. 36.↵
    1. Sloane PD,
    2. Callahan L,
    3. Kahwati L,
    4. Mitchell CM
    . Development of a practice-based patient cohort for primary care research. Fam Med 2006;38.
  37. 37.↵
    1. Fagnan LJ
    . ORPRN “Blue Highways”. Reflections 2018;1–9.
  38. 38.↵
    1. Carsley S,
    2. Borkhoff CM,
    3. Maguire JL,
    4. et al
    . Cohort profile: The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!). Int J Epidemiol 2015;44.
  39. 39.↵
    1. Sills MR
    . SAFTINet overview for EDRC. presented to the Emergency Department Research Committee, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine. 6 January 2015. Published 2015. Accessed June 29, 2020. https://www.slideshare.net/MarionSills/saftinet-overview-for-edrc.
  40. 40.↵
    1. Likumahuwa S,
    2. Song H,
    3. Singal R,
    4. et al
    . Building research infrastructure in community health centers: A Community Health Applied Research Network (CHARN) report. J Am Board Fam Med 2013;26.
  41. 41.↵
    1. McCloskey B,
    2. Grey M,
    3. Deshefy-Longhi T,
    4. Grey LJ
    . Aprn practice patterns in primary care. Nurse Pract 2003;28:39–44.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  42. 42.↵
    Australian Primary Care Research Network APCReN. 2014 PHC Research Conference Highlights. Aust Prim Care Res Netw APCReN Newsl. Published online 2014. http://www.apcren.org.au/news-events/.
  43. 43.↵
    1. Marley J
    . Establishing a rural research network. Med J Aust 1992;156.
  44. 44.↵
    Australian Primary Care Research Network APCReN. APCReN. www.apcren.org.au.
  45. 45.↵
    1. Gunn JM
    . Should Australia develop primary care research networks? Med J Aust 2002;177.
  46. 46.↵
    1. Ried K,
    2. Farmer EA,
    3. Weston KM
    . Bursaries, writing grants and fellowships: A strategy to develop research capacity in primary health care. BMC Fam Pract 2007;8:19.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  47. 47.↵
    1. Robertson S,
    2. Hornby C,
    3. Jones R
    . Joint working to develop R&D capacity in three rural primary care trusts. Prim health care res dev 2005;6:1–4.
    OpenUrl
  48. 48.↵
    1. Comino E
    . The Winston Churchill Memorial Trust of Australia Churchill Fellowship 2002 Primary health care research (networks) in the United Kingdom. Published online 2002:1–38. http://nswcfa.churchilltrust.com.au/media/fellows/Comino_Elizabeth_2002-1.pdf.
  49. 49.↵
    1. Hannay DR
    . Evaluation of a primary care research network in rural Scotland. Prim Heal Care Res Dev 2006;7.
  50. 50.↵
    1. Nelson E,
    2. Conger B,
    3. Douglass R,
    4. et al
    . Functional health status levels of primary care patients. JAMA J JAMA 1983;249:3331.
    OpenUrl
  51. 51.↵
    1. Mold JW,
    2. Peterson KA
    . Primary care practice-based research networks: Working at the interface between research and quality improvement. Ann Fam Med 2005;3.
  52. 52.↵
    1. Schweikardt C,
    2. Verheij RA,
    3. Donker GA,
    4. Coppieters Y
    . The historical development of the Dutch Sentinel General Practice Network from a paper-based into a digital primary care monitoring system. J Public Heal 2016;24.
  53. 53.↵
    1. DeVoe JE,
    2. Gold R,
    3. Spofford M,
    4. et al
    . Developing a network of community health centers with a common electronic health record: description of the Safety Net West Practice-based Research Network (SNW-PBRN.). J Am Board Fam Med 2011;24.
  54. 54.↵
    1. Anderko L,
    2. Bartz C,
    3. Lundeen S
    . Practice-based research networks: Nursing centers and communities working collaboratively to reduce health disparities. Nurs Clin North Am 2005;40.
  55. 55.↵
    1. Baldwin LM,
    2. Keppel GA,
    3. Davis A,
    4. Guirguis-Blake J,
    5. Force RW,
    6. Berg AO
    . Developing a Practice-based research network by integrating quality improvement: challenges and ingredients for success. Clin Transl Sci 2012;5:351–5.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  56. 56.↵
    1. Love MM,
    2. Pearce KA,
    3. Williamson MA,
    4. Barron MA,
    5. Shelton BJ
    . Patients, practices, and relationships: challenges and lessons learned from the Kentucky Ambulatory Network (KAN) CaRESS clinical trial. J Am Board Fam Med 2006;19:75–84.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  57. 57.↵
    1. Luijks H,
    2. van Boven K,
    3. Hartman T. O,
    4. Uijen A,
    5. van Weel C,
    6. Schers H
    . Purposeful incorporation of patient narratives in the medical record in the Netherlands. J Am Board Fam Med 2021;34.
  58. 58.↵
    1. Tu K,
    2. Sodhi S,
    3. Kidd MR,
    4. et al
    . The University of Toronto Family Medicine Report: caring for our diverse populations. Department of Family and Community Medicine; 2020. Accessed September 19, 2021. https://dfcm.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/university_of_toronto_family_medicine_report_-_caring_for_our_diverse_populations.pdf.
  59. 59.↵
    1. Arkind J,
    2. Likumahuwa-Ackman S,
    3. Warren N,
    4. et al
    . Lessons learned from developing a patient engagement panel: an OCHIN report. J Am Board Fam Med 2015;28:632–8.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  60. 60.↵
    1. Graffy J,
    2. Hines M,
    3. Fosam H,
    4. et al
    . Report. In: Report.; 2002.
  61. 61.↵
    1. Stephens KA,
    2. Lin C-P,
    3. Baldwin L-M,
    4. et al
    . LC Data QUEST: a technical architecture for community federated clinical data sharing. AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci proceedings AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci 2012;2012:57–62.
    OpenUrl
  62. 62.↵
    1. Tyler CV,
    2. Werner JJ
    . Community-engagement strategies of the developmental disabilities practice-based research network (DD-PBRN). J Am Board Fam Med 2014;27.
  63. 63.↵
    1. Sullivan F,
    2. Hinds A,
    3. Pitkethly M,
    4. Treweek S,
    5. Wilson P,
    6. Wyke S
    . Primary care research network progress in Scotland. Eur J Gen Pract 2014;20.
  64. 64.↵
    1. Visentin G
    , on behalf of R&P Collaborative Group. R&P: the multiple meaning of a research project in general practice. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005;59:S89–S92.
    OpenUrl
  65. 65.↵
    1. Schers H,
    2. Bor H,
    3. van den Hoogen H,
    4. van Weel C
    . What went and what came? Morbidity trends in general practice from the Netherlands. Eur J Gen Pract 2008;14 (Suppl 1):13–24.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  66. 66.↵
    1. Dulin MF
    . The Creation of PBRN to study health care delivery to a transitioning community (HS16023).; 2005.
  67. 67.↵
    1. Lamont R,
    2. Fishman T,
    3. Sanders PF,
    4. Ofanoa M,
    5. Goodyear-Smith F
    . View from the canoe: Co-designing research pacific style. Ann Fam Med 2020;18:172–5.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  68. 68.↵
    1. Soós M,
    2. Temple-Smith M,
    3. Gunn J,
    4. Johnston-Ata'Ata K,
    5. Pirotta M
    . Establishing the Victorian primary care practice based research network. Aust Fam Physician 2010;39:.
  69. 69.↵
    1. Thomas P,
    2. While A
    . Increasing research capacity and changing the culture of primary care towards reflective inquiring practice: the experience of the West London research network (WeLReN). J Interprof Care 2001;15.
  70. 70.↵
    1. Williams RL,
    2. Shelley BM,
    3. Sussman AL
    . The marriage of community-based participatory research and practice-based research networks: can it work? A research involving outpatient settings network (RIOS Net) study. J Am Board Fam Med 2009;22.
  71. 71.↵
    1. Dulin MF,
    2. Ludden TM,
    3. Tapp H,
    4. et al
    . Geographic information systems (GIS) demonstrating primary care needs for a transitioning hispanic community. J Am Board Fam Med 2010;23.
  72. 72.↵
    1. Porcheret M,
    2. Hughes R,
    3. Evans D,
    4. et al
    . Data quality of general practice electronic health records: the impact of a program of assessments, feedback, and training. J Am Med Informatics Assoc 2004;11.
  73. 73.↵
    1. Kwan BM,
    2. Sills MR,
    3. Graham D,
    4. et al
    . Stakeholder engagement in a patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measure implementation: a report from the SAFTINet practice-based research network (PBRN). J Am Board Fam Med 2016;29:102–15.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  74. 74.↵
    1. Hayes H,
    2. Buckland S,
    3. Tarpey M
    . Briefing notes for researchers: public involvement in nhs, public health and social care research.; 2012. http://www.invo.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/9938_INVOLVE_Briefing_Notes_WEB.pdf.
  75. 75.↵
    1. Peckham S,
    2. Hutchison B
    . Developing primary care: the contribution of primary care research networks. Healthc Policy 2012;8.
  76. 76.↵
    National Institute for Health Research. Patient and public involvement in health and social care research: a handbook for researchers by research design service London.; 2014. http://www.rds.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/RDS-PPI-Handbook-2014-v8-FINAL.pdf.
  77. 77.↵
    1. Dovey S,
    2. Tilyard M
    . RNZCGP computer research network: an update. N Z Fam Physician 1999;26:37–9.
    OpenUrl
  78. 78.↵
    1. Boydell L,
    2. Grandidier H,
    3. Rafferty C,
    4. McAteer C,
    5. Reilly P
    . General practice data retrieval: The Northern Ireland project. J Epidemiol Community Health 1995;49:22–5.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  79. 79.↵
    Trent Focus Group. Trent focus. For the promotion of research and development in primary health care. Annual Report 1996–97.; 1997.
  80. 80.↵
    1. Duggan A,
    2. Minkovitz CS,
    3. Chaffin M,
    4. et al
    . Creating a national home visiting research network. Pediatrics 2013;132:S82–S89.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  81. 81.↵
    1. Sayer GP,
    2. McGeechan K,
    3. Kemp A,
    4. et al
    . The general practice research network: The capabilities of an electronic patient management system for longitudinal patient data. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2003;12.
  82. 82.↵
    1. De Clercq E,
    2. Vandenberghe H,
    3. Jonckheer P,
    4. Bastiaens H,
    5. Lafontaine MF,
    6. Van Casteren V
    . Assessment of a three-year experience with a belgian primary care data network. Stud Health Technol Inform 2002;93:163–9.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  83. 83.↵
    1. Ornstein SM,
    2. Jenkins RG
    . The Practice Partner Research Network: description of a novel national research network of computer-based patient records users. Carolina Heal Serv Policy Rev 1997;4:145–51.
    OpenUrl
  84. 84.↵
    1. Rodnick JE
    . International Family Medicine Education: Tthe electronic medical record as the basis of a practice-based research network. Fam Med 2000;32:353–4. https://www.stfm.org/familymedicine/vol32issue5/Dolhun353.
    OpenUrl
  85. 85.↵
    1. Vessey JA
    , Founding Oversight Board Members of MASNRN. Development of the Massachusetts School Nurse Research Network (MASNRN): a practice-based research network to improve the quality of school nursing practice. J Sch Nurs 2007;23:65–72.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  86. 86.↵
    1. Sullivan F,
    2. Butler C,
    3. Cupples M,
    4. Kinmonth AL
    . Primary care research networks in the United Kingdom. Br Med J 2007;334:1093–4.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  87. 87.↵
    1. Pace WD,
    2. West DR,
    3. Valuck RJ,
    4. Cifuentes M,
    5. Staton EW
    . Distributed Ambulatory Research in Theurapeutics Network (DARTNet): Summary Report.; 2009.
  88. 88.↵
    1. Pulcini J,
    2. Sheetz A,
    3. Desisto M
    . Establishing a practice-based research network: Lessons from the massachusetts experience. J Sch Health 2008;78:172–4.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  89. 89.↵
    1. Frayne SM,
    2. Carney DV,
    3. Bastian L,
    4. et al
    . The VA women's health practice-based research network: amplifying women veterans' voices in VA research. J Gen Intern Med 2013;28:504–9.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  90. 90.↵
    ACORN. ACORN. Department of Family Medicine, VCU School of Medicine. Accessed June 28, 2020. https://familymedicine.vcu.edu/research/family-medicine-research/acorn/.
  91. 91.↵
    1. Lionis C,
    2. Symvoulakis EK,
    3. Vardavas CI
    . Implementing family practice research in countries with limited resources: a stepwise model experienced in Crete, Greece. Fam Pract 2010;27:48–54.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  92. 92.↵
    1. Carter Y
    . Research opportunities in primary care. 1st ed. Radcliffe Medical Press; 1998.
  93. 93.↵
    Trent Focus Group. Trent focus. for the promotion of research and development in primary health care. Annual Report 2000-2001.; 2001.
  94. 94.↵
    1. Cooke J,
    2. Owen J,
    3. Wilson A
    . Research and development at the health and social care interface in primary care: a scoping exercise in one National Health Service region. Heal Soc Care Community 2002;10.
  95. 95.↵
    1. Dijkmans-Hadley B,
    2. Bonney A,
    3. Barnett SR
    . Development of an Australian practice-based research network as a community of practice. Aust J Prim Health 2015;21.
  96. 96.↵
    1. Middelkoop BJ,
    2. Bohnen AM,
    3. Duisterhout JS,
    4. Pleumeekers HJ,
    5. Prins A
    . A computerized network of general practices in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Am J Public Health 1994;84:1852–3.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  97. 97.↵
    1. Jensen IB,
    2. Brämberg EB,
    3. Wåhlin C,
    4. et al
    . Promoting evidence-based practice for improved occupational safety and health at workplaces in Sweden. Report on a practice-based research network approach. IJERPH 2020;17:5283–15.
    OpenUrl
  98. 98.↵
    1. Serwint JR
    , Continuity Clinic Special Interest Group, Ambulatory Pediatric Association. Multisite survey of pediatric residents' continuity experiences: their perceptions of the clinical and educational opportunities. Pediatrics 2001;107:E78.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  99. 99.↵
    1. Fleming DM,
    2. Elliot AJ
    . Lessons from 40 years' surveillance of influenza in England and Wales. Epidemiol Infect 2008;136:866–75.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  100. 100.↵
    1. Smith HD,
    2. Dunleavey J
    . Wessex primary care research network: a report on two years progress. Southampt Heal J 1996;3:43–7.
    OpenUrl
  101. 101.↵
    ACORN. ACORN: a PBRN project. Accessed June 28, 2020. http://www.acorn-arccim.com/pbrn/.
  102. 102.↵
    1. Pitkethly M,
    2. Sullivan F
    . Networking four years of TayRen, a primary care research and development network. Prim Heal Care Res Dev 2003;4.
  103. 103.↵
    1. Laurence CO,
    2. Beilby JJ,
    3. Marley JE,
    4. Newbury J,
    5. Wilkinson D,
    6. Symon B
    . Establishing a practice based primary care research network. The University Family Practice Network in South Australia. Aust Fam Physician 2001;30.
  104. 104.↵
    1. Waters RL,
    2. Weston KM,
    3. Farmer E
    . Linking primary health care researchers in South Australia: a network strategy., SARNet Linking primary health care researchers in South Australia: a network 2004;13–21.
  105. 105.↵
    1. Delaney BC,
    2. Peterson KA,
    3. Speedie S,
    4. Taweel A,
    5. Arvanitis TN,
    6. Richard Hobbs FD
    . Envisioning a learning health care system: the electronic primary care research network, a case study. Ann Fam Med 2012;10.
  106. 106.↵
    1. Liaw ST,
    2. Taggart J,
    3. Dennis S,
    4. Yeo A
    . Data quality and fitness for purpose of routinely collected data–a general practice case study from an electronic practice-based research network (ePBRN). AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2011;2011.
  107. 107.↵
    1. DeVoe JE,
    2. Likumahuwa S,
    3. Eiff MP,
    4. et al
    . Lessons learned and challenges ahead: Report from the OCHIN Safety Net West Practice-based Research Network (PBRN). J Am Board Fam Med 2012;25:560–4.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  108. 108.↵
    1. Gibson K,
    2. Szilagyi P,
    3. Swanger CM,
    4. et al
    . Physician perspectives on incentives to participate in practice-based research: a greater rochester practice-based research network (GR-PBRN) study. J Am Board Fam Med 2010;23.
  109. 109.↵
    1. Birtwhistle R,
    2. Keshavjee K,
    3. Lambert-Lanning A,
    4. et al
    . Building a pan-Canadian primary care sentinel surveillance network: initial development and moving forward. J Am Board Fam Med 2009;22.
  110. 110.↵
    1. Metsemakers JFM,
    2. Knottnerus JA,
    3. Van Schendel GJ,
    4. Kocken RJJ,
    5. Limonard CBG
    . Unlocking patients' records in general practice for research, medical education and quality assurance: the Registration Network Family Practices. Int J Biomed Comput 1996;42:43–50.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  111. 111.↵
    1. Slora EJ,
    2. Wasserman RC
    . PROS: a research network to enhance practice and improve child health. Pediatr Ann 2010;39:352–61.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  112. 112.↵
    1. del Torso S,
    2. van Esso D,
    3. Gerber A,
    4. et al
    . European Academy of Paediatrics Research in Ambulatory Setting network (EAPRASnet): a multi-national general paediatric research network for better child health. Child Care Health Dev 2010;36.
  113. 113.↵
    1. Kwan BM,
    2. Graham DG,
    3. Sills MR,
    4. et al
    . Methods for the collection of patient reported outcomes in a safety net-oriented practice based research network. A SAFTINet Demonstration Project. poster presentation, AcademyHealth Annual Research Meeting. June 24, 2013. Baltimore. Published 2013. Accessed June 29, 2020. https://www.slideshare.net/MarionSills/academy-health-pro-poster-final-2013-0620.
  114. 114.↵
    1. Pace WD,
    2. Fox C,
    3. White T,
    4. Graham D,
    5. Schilling LM,
    6. West DR
    . The DARTNet Institute: seeking a sustainable support mechanism for electronic data enabled research networks. eGEMs (eGEMs) 2014;2:6.
    OpenUrl
  115. 115.↵
    1. Pomernacki A,
    2. Carney DV,
    3. Kimerling R,
    4. et al
    . Lessons from initiating the first Veterans Health Administration (VA) Women's Health Practicebased Research Network (WH-PBRN) study. J Am Board Fam Med 2015;28:649–57.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  116. 116.↵
    1. Metsemakers JFM,
    2. Hoppener P,
    3. Knottnerus JA,
    4. Kocken RJJ,
    5. Limonard CBG
    . Computerized health information in the Netherlands: a registration network of family practices. Br J Gen Pract 1992;42.
  117. 117.↵
    1. Van Weel C,
    2. Schers H,
    3. Timmermans A
    . Health care in the Netherlands. J Am Board Fam Med 2012;25 Suppl 1.
  118. 118.↵
    1. Lobet MP,
    2. Stroobant A,
    3. Mertens R,
    4. et al
    . Tool for validation of the network of sentinel general practitioners in the Belgian health care system. Int J Epidemiol 1987;16:612–8.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  119. 119.↵
    1. Volmink JA,
    2. Furman SN
    . The South African Sentinel Practitioner Research Network organization, objectives, policies and methods. 1991; undefined. Published online.
  120. 120.↵
    1. Truyers C,
    2. Goderis G,
    3. Dewitte H,
    4. Akker MV,
    5. Buntinx F
    . The Intego database: Background, methods and basic results of a Flemish general practice-based continuous morbidity registration project. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2014;14:48.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  121. 121.↵
    1. Chuan TN,
    2. Gan GL
    . Primary care research–a blueprint for action for Singapore. Asia Pac J Public Health 2001;13:49–53.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  122. 122.↵
    1. Volmink J
    . SASPREN - A new development in family practice research in South Africa. South African Med J 1996;86.
  123. 123.↵
    Department of Health. Research and Development Directorate. Best research for best health. introducing a new national health research strategy. Comprehensive NHS research network. London: Department of Health; Version 2; 2006. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/568772/dh_4127152_v2.pdf.
  124. 124.↵
    Trent Focus Group. Trent focus. for the promotion of research and development in primary health care. Annual report 1999–2000; 1999.
  125. 125.↵
    1. Dovey SM,
    2. Tilyard MW
    . The computer research network of the Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners: An approach to general practice research in New Zealand. Br J Gen Pract 1996;46.
  126. 126.↵
    1. Okkes IM,
    2. Groen A,
    3. Oskam SK,
    4. Lamberts H
    . Advantages of long observation in episode-oriented electronic patient records in family practice. Methods Inf Med 2001;40:229–35.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  127. 127.↵
    1. Selby K,
    2. Cornuz J,
    3. Senn N
    . Establishment of a representative practice-based research network (PBRN) for the monitoring of primary care in Switzerland. J Am Board Fam Med 2015;28.
  128. 128.↵
    1. Schilling LM,
    2. Kwan BM,
    3. Drolshagen CT,
    4. et al
    . Scalable Architecture for Federated Translational Inquiries Network (SAFTINet) technology infrastructure for a distributed data network. eGEMs (eGEMs) 2013;1:11.
    OpenUrl
  129. 129.↵
    1. Dulin MF,
    2. Tapp H,
    3. Smith HA,
    4. et al
    . A trans-disciplinary approach to the evaluation of social determinants of health in a hispanic population. BMC Public Health 2012;12.
  130. 130.↵
    1. Chmiel C,
    2. Bhend H,
    3. Senn O,
    4. et al
    . The FIRE project: a milestone for research in primary care in Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly 2011;141:1–7.
    OpenUrl
  131. 131.↵
    1. Rizza A,
    2. Kaplan V,
    3. Senn O
    , FIRE study groupet al. Age- and gender-related prevalence of multimorbidity in primary care: the Swiss FIRE project. BMC Fam Pract 2012;13:113.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  132. 132.↵
    1. Maro JC,
    2. Platt R,
    3. Holmes JH,
    4. et al
    . Design of a national distributed health data network. Ann Intern Med 2009;151:341
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  133. 133.↵
    1. Gill JM,
    2. Klinkman MS,
    3. Chen YX
    . Antidepressant medication use for primary care patients with and without medical comorbidities: A national Electronic Health Record (EHR) network study. J Am Board Fam Med 2010;23:499–508.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  134. 134.↵
    1. Adams J,
    2. Peng W,
    3. Steel A,
    4. et al
    . A cross-sectional examination of the profile of chiropractors recruited to the Australian Chiropractic Research Network (ACORN): A sustainable resource for future chiropractic research. BMJ Open 2017;7:e015830.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  135. 135.↵
    1. O'Regan A,
    2. Hayes P,
    3. O'Connor R,
    4. et al
    . The University of Limerick Education and Research Network for General Practice (ULEARN-GP): practice characteristics and general practitioner perspectives. BMC Fam Pract 2020;21:25.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  136. 136.↵
    1. Wasserman RC,
    2. Slora EJ,
    3. Bocian AB,
    4. et al
    . Pediatric research in office settings (PROS): A national practice-based research network to improve children's health care. Pediatrics 1998;102:1350–7.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  137. 137.↵
    1. Pirotta M,
    2. Temple-Smith M
    . Practice-based research networks. Aust Fam Physician 2017;46:793–5.
    OpenUrl
  138. 138.↵
    1. Peterson KA,
    2. Fontaine P,
    3. Speedie S
    . The electronic Primary Care Research Network (ePCRN): a new era in practice-based research. J Am Board Fam Med 2006;19:93–7.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  139. 139.↵
    1. Deshefy-Longhi T,
    2. Swartz MK,
    3. Grey M
    . Establishing a practice-based research network of advanced practice registered nurses in southern New England. Nurs Outlook 2002;50:127–31.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  140. 140.↵
    1. Rosser WW,
    2. Green L
    . Update from ASPN. Can Fam Physician 1989;35.
  141. 141.↵
    1. Wasserman R,
    2. Serwint JR,
    3. Kuppermann N,
    4. Srivastava R,
    5. Dreyer B
    . The APA and the rise of pediatric generalist network research. Acad Pediatr 2011;11:195–204.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  142. 142.↵
    1. Morinis J,
    2. Maguire J,
    3. Khovratovich M,
    4. McCrindle BW,
    5. Parkin PC,
    6. Birken CS
    . Paediatric obesity research in early childhood and the primary care setting: The TARGet Kids! research network. IJERPH 2012;9:1343–54.
    OpenUrl
  143. 143.↵
    1. Green LA,
    2. Wood M,
    3. Becker L,
    4. et al
    . The Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network: Purpose, methods, and policies. J Fam Pract 1984;18.
  144. 144.↵
    1. LeBailly S,
    2. Ariza A,
    3. Bayldon B,
    4. Binns HJ
    . The origin and evolution of a regional pediatric practice-based research network: practical and methodological lessons from the Pediatric Practice Research Group. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2003;33.
  145. 145.↵
    1. Koskela TH
    . Building a primary care research network–lessons to learn. Scand J Prim Health Care 2017;35.
  146. 146.↵
    1. Nuttall J,
    2. Hood K,
    3. Verheij TJ,
    4. et al
    . Building an international network for a primary care research program: Reflections on challenges and solutions in the set-up and delivery of a prospective observational study of acute cough in 13 European countries. BMC Fam Pract 2011;12:78.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  147. 147.↵
    1. Solberg LI,
    2. Mayer TR,
    3. Seifert M,
    4. Cole PM
    . The Minnesota AFP research panel: A model for collaborative practicing family physician research. Fam Med 1983;15:139–42.
    OpenUrl
  148. 148.↵
    1. Beasley JW,
    2. Cox NS,
    3. Livingston BT,
    4. et al
    . Development and operation of the Wisconsin Research Network. Wis Med J 1991;90.
  149. 149.↵
    1. Fleming DM
    . Weekly Returns Service of the Royal College of General Practitioners. Commun Dis Public Heal 1999;2:96–100.
    OpenUrl
  150. 150.↵
    AAFP. Affiliated PBRNs–National Research Network. Accessed August 13, 2020. https://www.aafp.org/patient-care/nrn/nrn/pbrns.html.
  151. 151.↵
    1. Golden RE,
    2. Klap R,
    3. Carney DV,
    4. et al
    . Promoting learning health system feedback loops: experience with a VA practice-based research network card study: VA Card Study Promotes Learning Health System. Healthcare 2021;8:100484.
    OpenUrl
  152. 152.↵
    1. Clothier HJ,
    2. Fielding JE,
    3. Kelly HA
    . An evaluation of the Australian Sentinel Practice Research Network (ASPREN) surveillance for influenza-like illness. Commun Dis Intell 2005;29.
  153. 153.↵
    1. Lionis C,
    2. Petelos E,
    3. Papadakis S,
    4. et al
    . Towards evidence-informed integration of public health and primary health care: experiences from Crete. Public Heal Panor 2018;04:699–714.
    OpenUrl
  154. 154.↵
    Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. Primary Health Care Research, Evaluation and Development (PHCRED) Strategy Phase Three: 2010-2014.; 2010.
  155. 155.↵
    Department of Health. Research and development for a first class service: R&D funding in the new NHS. Published 2000. Accessed May 25, 2016. www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/idcplg?IdcService=GET_FILE&dID=16702&Rendition=Web.
  156. 156.↵
    NHS Executive. Department of Health. information for health: an information strategy for the modern NHS 1998–2005. A National Strategy for Local Implementation.; 1998.
  157. 157.↵
    1. Ried K,
    2. Farmer EA,
    3. Weston KM
    . Aims and objectives for the SARNet research network. BMC Fam Pract 2006;7:Additional file. https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1186%2F1471-2296-7-8/MediaObjects/12875_2005_139_MOESM1_ESM.pdf.
  158. 158.↵
    The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw). Program Primary Focus. Accessed January 31, 2012. http://www.zonmw.nl/en/programmes/primary-focus/programme/.
  159. 159.↵
    Funding of research and research-training; stimulating practice-based research by the Netherlands Research Council on Health Research ZonMW. Accessed March 10, 2004. http://zonmw.collexis.net/default.asp?key=prog.
  160. 160.↵
    1. Fontaine P,
    2. Mendenhall TJ,
    3. Peterson K,
    4. Speedie SM
    . The “Measuring Outcomes of Clinical Connectivity” (MOCC) trial: investigating data entry errors in the electronic Primary Care Research Network (ePCRN). J Am Board Fam Med 2007;20.
  161. 161.↵
    1. Birtwhistle RV
    . Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network: a developing resource for family medicine and public health. Can Fam Physician 2011;57.
  162. 162.↵
    The Netherlands School of Primary Care Research. Netherlands School of Public Health and Care Research. Accessed September 20, 2021. https://www.researchschoolcare.nl/.
  163. 163.↵
    National Institute for Health Research. Clinical Research Network. income distribution from NIHR CRN industry portfolio studies.; 2014. http://www.nihr.ac.uk/funding-and-support/documents/Study-Support-Service/Early-contact-and-engagement/Costing-Templates/LCRN Guidance S12 - Income Distirbution Model Guidance v2.0.pdf.
  164. 164.↵
    National Institute for Health Research. Clinical Research Network. five year strategic plan for research delivery: 2012–2017.; 2012.
  165. 165.↵
    1. Leitch S
    . New Zealand needs a practice based research network. J Prim Health Care 2016;8:9.
    OpenUrl
  166. 166.↵
    1. Kljakovic M,
    2. Seddon T,
    3. Reinken J,
    4. McLeod D
    . The rise and fall of a general practice information network. N Z Fam Physician. Published online 1992;73–6.
  167. 167.↵
    1. van Weel C,
    2. Rosser WW
    . Improving health care globally: a critical review of the necessity of family medicine research and recommendations to build research capacity. Ann Fam Med 2004;2 Suppl 2:. In:. Vol.
  168. 168.↵
    1. Evans TW
    , Department of Health. Research and Development Directorate. Best Research for best health. a new national health research strategy. 2006;6.
  169. 169.↵
    1. Olsen DP,
    2. Dixon JK,
    3. Grey M,
    4. Deshefy-Longhi T,
    5. Demarest JC
    . Privacy concerns of patients and nurse practitioners in primary care–an APRNet study. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2005;17.
  170. 170.↵
    1. Fagnan LJ
    . meta-network Learning and Research Center Meta-LARC. Grantome, U.S. National Institute of Health. Published 2015. Accessed November 29, 2020. https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/P30-HS021639-02.
  171. 171.↵
    Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program. Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Accessed September 20, 2021. https://ncats.nih.gov/ctsa.
  172. 172.↵
    HIPAA. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) | CDC. Accessed September 20, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/publications/topic/hipaa.html.
  173. 173.↵
    Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - HealthCare.gov glossary | HealthCare.gov. Accessed September 20, 2021. https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/patient-protection-and-affordable-care-act/.
  174. 174.↵
    PCORI. PCORI | Our story. Accessed September 20, 2021. https://www.pcori.org/about-us/our-story.
  175. 175.↵
    1. Metsemakers JFM
    . Unlocking patients' records in general practice for research, medical education and quality assurance: the registration network family practices. 1994;. Published online.
  176. 176.↵
    1. Graham DG,
    2. Spano MS,
    3. Stewart TV,
    4. Staton EW,
    5. Meers A,
    6. Pace WD
    . Strategies for planning and launching PBRN research studies: a project of the Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network (AAFP NRN). J Am Board Fam Med 2007;20.
  177. 177.↵
    1. Fleming DM,
    2. Crombie DL
    . The incidence of common infectious diseases: The weekly returns service of the Royal College of General Practitioners. Health Trends 1985;17.
  178. 178.↵
    1. Adams J,
    2. Steel A,
    3. Chang S,
    4. Sibbritt D
    . Helping address the national research and research capacity needs of Australian chiropractic: Iitroducing the Australian Chiropractic Research Network (ACORN) project. Chiropr Man Ther 2015;23.
  179. 179.↵
    1. Mehta P,
    2. Adams J,
    3. Sibbritt D,
    4. Jones T,
    5. Leaver A,
    6. Verhagen A
    . Introducing the Collaborative Australian Physiotherapy Research Initiative (CAPRI) project.; 2021. https://osf.io/rfy95/download.
  180. 180.↵
    1. van der Lei J,
    2. Duisterhout JS,
    3. Westerhof HP,
    4. et al
    . The introduction of computer-based patient records in the Netherlands. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:1036–41.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  181. 181.↵
    1. Culpepper L,
    2. Froom J
    . The international primary care network: Purpose, methods, and policies. Fam Med 1988;20.
  182. 182.↵
    Australian Association for Academic Primary Care Inc. The APCReN Story, Two Years on. Published online 2015; 5:Issue.
  183. 183.↵
    1. Boffin N,
    2. Bossuyt N,
    3. Vanthomme K,
    4. Van Casteren V
    . Readiness of the Belgian network of sentinel general practitioners to deliver electronic health record data for surveillance purposes: Results of survey study. BMC Fam Pract 2010;11:50.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  184. 184.↵
    1. Laux G,
    2. Koerner T,
    3. Rosemann T,
    4. Beyer M,
    5. Gilbert K,
    6. Szecsenyi J
    . The CONTENT project: a problem-oriented, episode-based electronic patient record in primary care. Inform Prim Care 2005;13.
  185. 185.↵
    1. Taggart J,
    2. Liaw ST,
    3. Dennis S,
    4. et al
    . The University of NSW electronic practice based research network: disease registers, data quality and utility. Stud Heal Technol Inform 2012;178.
  186. 186.↵
    1. Slora EJ,
    2. Thoma KA,
    3. Wasserman RC,
    4. Pedlow SE,
    5. Bocian AB
    . Patient visits to a national practice-based research network: comparing pediatric research in office settings with the national ambulatory medical care survey. Pediatrics 2006;118:e228–e234.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  187. 187.↵
    1. Froom J,
    2. Culpepper L
    . Otitis media in day-care children: a report from the International Primary Care Network. J Fam Pract 1991;32.
  188. 188.↵
    1. Cole AM,
    2. Stephens KA,
    3. Keppel GA,
    4. Lin CP,
    5. Baldwin LM
    . Implementation of a health data-sharing infrastructure across diverse primary care organizations. J Ambul Care Manage 2014;37:164–70.
    OpenUrl
  189. 189.↵
    Primary Care MultiEthnic Network (PRIME Net). Center in Practice-Based Research and learning. 2020. Accessed November 29, 2020. https://pbrn.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/docs/page/PRIMENet.pdf.
  190. 190.↵
    1. Pace WD,
    2. Cifuentes M,
    3. Valuck RJ,
    4. Staton EW,
    5. Brandt EC,
    6. West DR
    . An electronic practice-based network for observational comparative effectiveness research. Ann Intern Med 2009;151:338.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  191. 191.↵
    1. Trinh L,
    2. Macartney K,
    3. McIntyre P,
    4. Chiu C,
    5. Dey A,
    6. Menzies R
    . Investigating adverse events following immunisation with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine using electronic General Practice data. Vaccine 2017;35:1524–9.
    OpenUrl
  192. 192.↵
    1. de Lusignan S,
    2. van Weel C
    . The use of routinely collected computer data for research in primary care: Opportunities and challenges. Fam Pract 2006;23.
  193. 193.↵
    1. Stephenson E,
    2. O'Neill B,
    3. Gronsbell J,
    4. et al
    . Changes in family medicine visits across sociodemographic groups after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario: a retrospective cohort study. C Open 2021;9.
  194. 194.↵
    1. Galvin S,
    2. Callan A,
    3. Cormican M,
    4. et al
    . Improving antimicrobial prescribing in Irish primary care through electronic data collection and surveillance: A feasibility study Epidemiology and research methodology in primary care. BMC Fam Pract 2015;16.
  195. 195.↵
    1. Cole AM,
    2. Stephens KA,
    3. Keppel GA,
    4. Estiri H,
    5. Baldwin L-M
    . Extracting electronic health record data in a practice-based research network: lessons learned from collaborations with translational researchers. eGEMs (eGEMs) 2016;4:4.
    OpenUrl
  196. 196.↵
    UTOPIAN | Department of Family & Community Medicine. About UTOPIAN. Accessed September 19, 2021. https://www.dfcm.utoronto.ca/about-utopian.
  197. 197.↵
    1. Lieberman MI
    . Medical Quality Improvement Consortium (MQIC). Presentation. Published 2006. https://www.amia.org/sites/amia.org/files/2006-Policy-Meeting-Medical-2006-Policy-Meeting-Quality-Improvement-Consortium.pdf.
  198. 198.↵
    1. Coleman N,
    2. Halas G,
    3. Peeler W,
    4. Casaclang N,
    5. Williamson T,
    6. Katz A
    . From patient care to research: a validation study examining the factors contributing to data quality in a primary care electronic medical record database. BMC Fam Pract 2015;16:11.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  199. 199.↵
    1. Peterson KA,
    2. Delaney BC,
    3. Arvanitis TN,
    4. et al
    . A model for the electronic support of practice-based research networks. Ann Fam Med 2012;10.
  200. 200.↵
    1. Kadhim-Saleh A,
    2. Green M,
    3. Williamson T,
    4. Hunter D,
    5. Birtwhistle R
    . Validation of the diagnostic algorithms for 5 chronic conditions in the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN): a Kingston Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN) report. J Am Board Fam Med 2013;26:159–67.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  201. 201.↵
    1. Williamson T,
    2. Green ME,
    3. Birtwhistle R,
    4. et al
    . Validating the 8 CPCSSN case definitions for chronic disease surveillance in a primary care database of electronic health records. Ann Fam Med 2014;12:367–72.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  202. 202.↵
    1. Burt RS
    . Social contagion and innovation: cohesion versus structural equivalence. Am J Sociol 1987;92.
  203. 203.↵
    1. Liu W,
    2. Sidhu A,
    3. Beacom AM,
    4. Valente TW
    . Social Network Theory. The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects 2017:1–12. In:. Wiley.
  204. 204.↵
    1. Darbyshire J,
    2. Sitzia J,
    3. Cameron D,
    4. et al
    . Extending the clinical research network approach to all of healthcare. Ann Oncol 2011;22.
  205. 205.↵
    1. Pace WD,
    2. Fagnan LJ,
    3. West DR
    . The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Practice-based Research Network (PBRN) relationship: Delivering on an opportunity, challenges, and future directions. J Am Board Fam Med 2011;24:489–92.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  206. 206.↵
    1. Rhyne RL,
    2. Fagnan LJ
    . Practice-based research network (PBRN) engagement: 20+ years and counting. J Am Board Fam Med 2018;31.
  207. 207.↵
    1. Fagnan LJ,
    2. Davis M,
    3. Deyo RA,
    4. Werner JJ,
    5. Stange KC
    . Linking practice-based research networks and clinical and translational science awards: new opportunities for community engagement by academic health centers. Acad Med 2010;85:476–83.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  208. 208.↵
    1. Riley-Behringer M,
    2. Davis MM,
    3. Werner JJ,
    4. Fagnan LJ,
    5. Stange KC
    . The evolving collaborative relationship between Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs) and Clinical and Translational Science Awardees (CTSAs). J Clin Transl Sci 2017;1:301–9.
    OpenUrl
  209. 209.↵
    1. Binienda J,
    2. Neale AV,
    3. Wallace LS
    . Future directions for practice-based research networks (PBRNs): A CERA survey. J Am Board Fam Med 2018;31.
  210. 210.↵
    1. Spears W,
    2. Tsoh JY,
    3. Potter MB,
    4. et al
    . Use of community engagement strategies to increase research participation in practice-based research networks (PBRNs.). J Am Board Fam Med 2014;27.
  211. 211.↵
    1. Tapp H,
    2. Dulin M
    . The science of primary health-care improvement: Potential and use of community-based participatory research by practice-based research networks for translation of research into practice. Exp Biol Med 2010;235.
  212. 212.↵
    1. Curro FA,
    2. Robbins DA,
    3. Millenson ML,
    4. Chester HC,
    5. Naftolin F
    . Person-centric clinical trials: An opportunity for the good clinical practice (GCP)-practice-based research network. J Clin Pharmacol 2013;53:1091–4.
    OpenUrl
  213. 213.↵
    1. Robbins DA,
    2. Curro FA,
    3. Fox CH
    . Defining patient-centricity: opportunities, challenges, and implications for clinical care and research. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2013;47:349–55.
    OpenUrl
  214. 214.↵
    1. Griffiths F,
    2. Wild A,
    3. Harvey J,
    4. Fenton E
    . The productivity of primary care research networks. Br J Gen Pract 2000;50.
  215. 215.↵
    1. Abbott S,
    2. Gunnell C
    . Developing R&D capacity in primary care nursing: report of a research project. Prim health care res dev 2005;6:95–100.
    OpenUrl
  216. 216.↵
    1. Tasche M,
    2. Oosterberg E,
    3. Kolnaar B,
    4. Rosmalen K
    . Inventarisatie van lacunes in huisartsgeneeskundige kennis. HUWE 2001;44:709–13.
    OpenUrl
  217. 217.↵
    1. Green LA,
    2. Hames CG,
    3. Nutting PA
    . Potential of practice-based research networks: Experiences from ASPN. J Fam Pract 1994;38.
  218. 218.↵
    Trent Focus Group. Trent focus. for the promotion of research and development in primary health care. Annual Report 1997–1998.; 1998.
  219. 219.↵
    The Folsom Group. Communities of solution: The Folsom report revisited. Ann Fam Med 2012;10:250–60.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  220. 220.↵
    1. Green LW
    . Making research relevant: If it is an evidence-based practice, where's the practice-based evidence? Family Practice 2008;25:i20–i24.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  221. 221.↵
    1. Beasley JW,
    2. Starfield B,
    3. Van Weel C,
    4. Rosser WW,
    5. Haq CL
    . Global health and primary care research. J Am Board Fam Med 2007;20:518–26.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  222. 222.↵
    1. Westfall JM,
    2. Roper R,
    3. Gaglioti A,
    4. Nease DE. Jr.
    . Practice-based research networks: strategic opportunities to advance implementation research for health equity. Ethn Dis 2019;29:113–8.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  223. 223.↵
    1. Tapp H,
    2. White L,
    3. Steuerwald M,
    4. Dulin M
    . Use of community-based participatory research in primary care to improve healthcare outcomes and disparities in care. J Comp Eff Res 2013;2:405–19.
    OpenUrl
  224. 224.↵
    1. Nease D,
    2. Greiver M
    . 2021 PBRN conference: “embracing diversity, equity, and inclusion.” Ann Fam Med 2021;19:470–1.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  225. 226.↵
    1. Smith H
    . The Federation of Primary Care Research Networks: a national initiative to enhance networking locally. Prim Heal Care Res Dev 2000;1:3–4.
    OpenUrl
  226. 227.↵
    Practice-Based Research Networks | UK Center for Clinical and Translation Science. Accessed October 1, 2021. https://www.ccts.uky.edu/about-ccts/cores/community-engagement-and-research/practice-based-research-networks.
  227. 228.↵
    TAFP - Introducing the meta-network for practice-based research. Accessed October 1, 2021. https://www.tafp.org/news/tfp/spring-2010/research-network.
  228. 229.↵
    1. van Staa TP,
    2. Dyson L,
    3. McCann G,
    4. et al
    . The opportunities and challenges of pragmatic point-of-care randomised trials using routinely collected electronic records: evaluations of two exemplar trials. Health Technol Assess) 2014;18:1–146.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  229. 230.↵
    1. Haggerty T,
    2. Cole AM,
    3. Xiang J,
    4. Mainous AG,
    5. Seehusen D
    . Family medicine-specific practice-based research network productivity and clinical and translational sciences award program affiliation. South Med J 2017;110.
  230. 231.↵
    1. Mold JW,
    2. Lipman PD,
    3. Durako SJ
    . Coordinating centers and multi-practice-based research network (PBRN) research. J Am Board Fam Med 2012;25.
  231. 232.↵
    1. Lionis C,
    2. Duijker G,
    3. Angelaki A,
    4. et al
    . Practice-Based Research Network in Primary Care: A lacking story and learning points from an empirical model on Crete. In: 1st Joint Meeting of the European General Practice Research Network and European Rural and Isolated Practitioners Association 17th - 20th October 2013.; 2013.
  232. 233.↵
    AHRQ. PBRN Registry | Practice-Based Research Networks | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2019. Accessed October 13, 2020. https://pbrn.ahrq.gov/pbrn-registry.
  233. 234.↵
    1. Jones C
    . An environmental scan of practice-based research networks.; 2006. Accessed August 16, 2020. https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/23017131/an-environmental-scan-of-practice-based-research-networks.
  234. 235.↵
    Dutch College of General Practitioners (NHG). Overview of underresearched areas in family medicine. 2004. Accessed March 9, 2004. http://nhg.artsennet.nl/content/resources/AMGATE_6059_104_TICH_L866838437/AMGATE_6059_104_TICH_R1196231005919511.
  235. 236.↵
    1. Adams J,
    2. Steel A,
    3. Moore C,
    4. Amorin-Woods L,
    5. Sibbritt D
    . Establishing the ACORN National Practitioner Database: strategies to recruit practitioners to a national practice-based research network. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2016;39:594–602.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  236. 237.↵
    1. Evans TW
    . Best research for best health: a new national health research strategy. Clin Med (Lond) 2006;6:435–7.
    OpenUrl
  237. 238.↵
    Australian Primary Care Research Network. APCReN, the APCReN story, two years on. Newsletter. 2015;5:Issue. Published online 2.
  238. 239.↵
    National Institutes of Health - US Department of Health and Human Services. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. NIH roadmap and roadmap-affiliated initiatives. Published 2011. Accessed December 17, 2016. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/announcements/roadmap/.
  239. 240.↵
    Archive Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. US Department of health & Social Services. Agency for healthcare research and quality: Reauthorization fact sheet. Published 1999. Accessed December 17, 2016. https://archive.ahrq.gov/about/ahrqfact.htm.
  240. 241.↵
    Department of Health and Human Services. Institutional clinical and translational science award (U54): Part I overview information. Accessed September 10, 2008. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-RM-07– 007.html.
  241. 242.↵
    NIH. Workshop proceedings: inviting public participation in clinical research: Building trust through partnerships. Published 2008. Accessed September 10, 2008. ports/October_2004_COPR_ WORKSHOP_Proceedings.pdf.
  242. 243.↵
    American recovery and reinvestment act of 2009. pub. L. 111-5, 123 stat. 115. Published 2009. Accessed December 15, 2016. https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1/tex.
  243. 244.↵
    1. Wallace LS,
    2. Angier H,
    3. Huguet N,
    4. et al
    . Patterns of electronic portal use among vulnerable patients in a nationwide practice-based research network: from the OCHIN Practice-based Research Network (PBRN). J Am Board Fam Med 2016;29:592–603.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  244. 245.↵
    1. DeVoe JE,
    2. Likumahuwa-Ackman SM,
    3. Angier HE,
    4. et al
    . A Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN) roadmap for evaluating COVID-19 in community health centers: A report from the OCHIN PBRN. J Am Board Fam Med 2020;33:774–8.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  245. 246.↵
    1. Gaglioti AH,
    2. Werner JJ,
    3. Rust G,
    4. Fagnan LJ,
    5. Neale AV
    . Practice-based Research Networks (PBRNs) bridging the gaps between communities, funders, and policymakers. J Am Board Fam Med 2016;29.
  246. 247.↵
    1. Hickner J,
    2. Green LA
    . Practice-based Research Networks (PBRNs) in the United States: growing and still going after all these years. J Am Board Fam Med 2015;28:541–5.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  247. 248.↵
    1. Anderson S,
    2. Allen P,
    3. Peckham S,
    4. Goodwin N
    . Asking the right questions: scoping studies in the commissioning of research on the organisation and delivery of health services. Health Res Policy Syst 2008;6:7.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  248. 249.↵
    1. Munn Z,
    2. Peters MDJ,
    3. Stern C,
    4. Tufanaru C,
    5. McArthur A,
    6. Aromataris E
    . Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018;18:1–7.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  249. 250.↵
    1. Temple-Smith M,
    2. Novy K,
    3. Manski-Nankervis J-A,
    4. Lau P,
    5. Sanci L
    , MACH. A Snapshot of Australian Practice Based Research Networks in Primary Care.; 2021.
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 35 (4)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 35, Issue 4
July/August 2022
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Board of Family Medicine.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
A Review of 50 Years of International Literature on the External Environment of Building Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs)
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Board of Family Medicine
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Board of Family Medicine web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Citation Tools
A Review of 50 Years of International Literature on the External Environment of Building Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs)
Anna Dania, Zsolt Nagykaldi, Ari Haaranen, Jean W. M. Muris, Philip H. Evans, Pekka Mäntyselkä, Chris van Weel
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2022, 35 (4) 762-792; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.04.210411

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
A Review of 50 Years of International Literature on the External Environment of Building Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs)
Anna Dania, Zsolt Nagykaldi, Ari Haaranen, Jean W. M. Muris, Philip H. Evans, Pekka Mäntyselkä, Chris van Weel
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2022, 35 (4) 762-792; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.04.210411
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • Appendix
    • Notes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • References
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Integrating Indigenous Data Sovereignty Principles Into Learning Health Systems: Survey of Canadian PBRLNs and Framework Analysis
  • Looking Back to Move Forward: Reflections of PBRN Directors
  • Family Medicine Researchers Explore the Social Determinants of Health, COVID-19 Issues, and Cancer Survivor Care
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Developing Content Weights for the 2026 Sports Medicine Blueprint
  • A Primary Care Intervention to Improve Melanoma Detection and Management
  • Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Care for Children and Adults: Clinician Services, Barriers, Knowledge, and Training Needs
Show more Original Research

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • Family Medicine
  • Practice-Based Research Networks
  • Primary Healthcare
  • Scoping Review

Navigate

  • Home
  • Current Issue
  • Past Issues

Authors & Reviewers

  • Info For Authors
  • Info For Reviewers
  • Submit A Manuscript/Review

Other Services

  • Get Email Alerts
  • Classifieds
  • Reprints and Permissions

Other Resources

  • Forms
  • Contact Us
  • ABFM News

© 2026 American Board of Family Medicine

Powered by HighWire