Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Levels of altruism of health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic based on occupation.
Tables
- Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics, Occupational Chracteristics, and COVID-19 Exposure of Responders
Categories Total (n = 402) N (%) Medical Providers (n = 184)N (%) Registered Nurses (n = 218) N (%) P Value Sex Female 308 (76.6%) 110 (59.8%) 198 (90.8%) <.001 Male 94 (23.4%) 74 (40.2%) 20 (9.2%) Age, y <30 115 (28.6%) 59 (32.1%) 56 (25.7%) <.001 30 to 39 173 (43.0%) 89 (48.4%) 84 (38.5%) 40 to 49 54 (13.4%) 24 (13.0%) 30 (13.8%) 50 to 59 34 (8.5%) 9 (4.9%) 25 (11.5%) >59 26 (6.5%) 3 (1.6%) 23 (10.5%) Ethnicity White, non-Hispanic 236 (58.7%) 116 (63.0%) 120 (50.0%) <.001 Black, non-Hispanic 53 (13.2%) 8 (4.4%) 45 (20.6%) Hispanic 14 (3.5%) 6 (3.3%) 8 (3.7%) Asian 63 (15.7%) 38 (20.6%) 25 (11.5%) Other 36 (9.0%) 16 (8.7%) 20 (9.2%) Specialty Emergency department 44 (11.0%) 12 (6.5%) 32 (14.7%) <.001 Intensive care unit 61 (15.2%) 29 (15.8%) 32 (14.7%) Perioperative 32 (8.0%) 8 (4.4%) 24 (11.0%) Surgery 52 (12.9%) 28 (15.2%) 24 (11.0%) Medicine 70 (17.4%) 45 (24.5%) 25 (11.5%) Psychiatry 11 (2.7%) 7 (3.8%) 4 (1.8%) Women’s services 50 (12.4%) 13 (7.1%) 37 (17.0%) Other 82 (20.4%) 42 (22.8%) 40 (18.4%) Parent or primary caregiver for a school age child or younger 106 (26.4%) 44 (23.9%) 62 (28.4%) .31 Primary caregiver or live with someone > 80 years old 6 (1.4%) 0 (0.0%) 6 (2.8%) .02 Cared for a patient with diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 265 (65.9%) 127 (69.0%) 138 (63.3%) .23 Has a friend/close relative who contracted COVID-19 149 (37.0%) 68 (37.0%) 81 (37.2%) .97 Has been in quarantine for potential COVID-19 exposure 51 (12.7%) 22 (12.0%) 29 (13.3%) .69 Although both clinical and non-clinical staff were surveyed, only responses from medical providers (attending physicians, residents, nurse practitioners and physician assistants) and registered nurses were included in analysis.
Category All Responses(n = 402) N (%) Medical Providers (n = 184)N (%) Registered Nurses(n = 218)N (%) P Value My job is putting me at great risk. 284 (70.6%) 138 (75.0%) 146 (67.0%) .08 I feel extra stress at work. 318 (79.1%) 142 (77.2%) 176 (80.7%) .38 I am afraid of falling ill with COVID-19. 290 (72.1%) 132 (71.7%) 158 (72.5%) .87 I have little control over whether I get infected or not. 227 (56.5%) 109 (59.2%) 118 (54.2%) .30 I am unlikely to survive if I were to get COVID-19. 35 (8.7%) 6 (3.3%) 29 (13.3%) <.001 I think about resigning because of COVID-19. 58 (14.4%) 11 (6.0%) 47 (21.6 %) <.001 I am afraid I will pass COVID-19 on to others. 342 (95.1%) 164 (89.1%) 178 (81.6%) .04 My family and friends are worried they might get infected through me. 264 (65.7%) 117 (63.6%) 147 (67.4%) .51 People avoid my family because of my work. 134 (33.3%) 46 (25.0%) 88 (40.4%) .001 Altruism: Because I want to help the COVID-19 patients, I am willing to accept the risks involved. 267 (63.4%) 147 (79.9%) 120 (55.0%) <.001 Survey responses were dichotomized to include “agreed” or “strongly agreed” as positive responses. This table shows the frequency of positive responses for each category while also comparing the differences in responses between medical providers and nurses.
- Table 3.
Multivariable Linear Regression Model Regressing for Thoughts about Resigning Due to COVID-19 Based on Occupation
Categories(reference group) Odds Ratio (SE) 95% CI P Value Occupation (Reference: Medical providers) Nurse 3.87 (1.63) 1.69, 8.84 .001 Age, y (Reference: <30) 30 to 39 1.12 (0.48) 0.48, 2.59 .80 40 to 49 0.34 (0.22) 0.09, 1.21 .10 50 to 59 0.88 (0.57) 0.25, 3.13 .85 >60 2.30 (1.41) 0.69, 7.68 .18 Gender (Reference: Male) Female 1.47 (0.77) 0.53, 4.09 .46 Race (Reference: White, non-Hispanic) Black, non-Hispanic 0.76 (0.40) 0.27, 2.13 .60 Hispanic 4.86 (3.58) 1.15, 20.62 .032 Asian 1.49 (0.71) 0.58, 3.81 .41 Other 1.77 (0.89) 0.66, 4.72 .26 Specialty (Reference: Emergency department) Intensive care unit 2.14 (1.38) 0.61, 7.58 .24 Perioperative 2.78 (2.10) 0.63, 12.24 .18 Surgery 0.78 (0.64) 0.15, 3.93 .76 Medicine 1.88 (1.31) 0.48, 7.34 .36 Psychiatry 0.83 (1.11) 0.06, 11.33 .89 Women’s services 2.31 (1.59) 0.60, 8.89 .22 Other 1.78 (1.16) 0.50, 6.36 .37 Parent or primary caregiver for a school age child or younger 0.55 (0.21) 0.26, 1.15 .11 Primary caregiver or live with someone > 80 years old 0.34 (0.35) 0.05, 2.49 0.29 Cared for a patient with diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 1.35 (0.52) 0.63, 2.88 0.44 Has a friend/close relative who contracted COVID-19 0.45 (0.15) 0.23, 0.85 0.015 Has been in quarantine for potential COVID-19 exposure 0.32 (0.13) 0.14, 0.73 0.006 Constant 1.37 (2.44) 0.04, 45.48 0.86 SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval.
After controlling for demographic and COVID-related characteristics, analysis showed that nursing staff had greater odds of considering resignation, those who had a friend or close relative who contracted COVID-19 and those who had been in quarantine had lower odds of considering resignation with a Pseudo R2 of 0.1809.
Please Respond to the Following Set of Questions by Responding Yes or No
Yes No Are you a parent or primary caregiver for school-aged child or younger Are you a primary caregiver for or lives with a person over age of 80 Have you cared for a patient with diagnosed or suspected COVID-19? Do you have any friends/close relative that have contracted COVID-19? Have you been in quarantine for a potential exposure to COVID-19? Please Select How Much You Agree or Disagree with the Following Statements
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree My job is putting me at great risk. I feel extra stress at work. I am afraid of falling ill with COVID-19. I have little control over whether I get infected or not. I am unlikely to survive if I were to get COVID-19. I think about resigning because of COVID-19. I am afraid I will pass COVID-19 on to others. My family and friends are worried they might get infected through me. People avoid my family because of my work Because I want to help the COVID-19 patients, I am willing to accept the risks involved.
