Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Demographic and Health Characteristics Before and After Propensity Score Matching
Before propensity score matching After propensity score matching Characteristics Amphetamine (N = 4966) Non-Amphetamine (N = 8267) P value Amphetamine (N = 4966) Non-Amphetamine (N = 4966) P value Age, mean ± SD 69.6 ± 4.25 70.1 ± 4.77 < .001 69.6 ± 4.25 69.67 ± 4.39 .42 Female, n (%) 3153 (63.5) 5191 (62.8) .42 3153 (63.5) 3158 (63.6) .69 Race/ethnicity, n (%) White 4450 (89.6) 7351 (88.9) .22 4450 (89.6) 4512 (90.9) .04 Black 110 (2.2) 251 (3.0) <.01 110 (2.2) 87 (1.8) .10 Hispanic/Latino 70 (1.4) 159 (1.9) .03 70 (1.4) 64 (1.3) .60 Not Hispanic/Latino 3927 (79.1) 6366 (77.0) <.01 3927 (79.1) 3960 (79.7) .41 Body mass index, mean ± SD 28.19 ± 5.83 28.61 ± 6.08 <.01 28.19 ± 5.83 28.54 ± 6.11 .06 Essential hypertension, n (%) 2523 (50.8) 4191 (50.7) .90 2523 (50.8) 2510 (50.5) .79 Diabetes, n (%) 741 (14.9) 1294 (15.7) .26 741 (14.9) 692 (13.9) .16 Hyperlipidemia, n (%) 2627 (52.9) 4547 (55.0) .02 2627 (52.9) 2590 (52.2) .46 SD, standard deviation.
- Table 2.
Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Individuals Older than 65 Years Who Are Exposed and Unexposed to Amphetamines
Before propensity score matching After propensity score matching Outcomes Overall Risk n/N (%) Odds Ratio (CI) P value Overall Risk n/N (%) Odds Ratio (CI) P value Cardiovascular Event Amphetamine 191/4966 (3.85) 7.07 (5.12, 9.76) <.01 191/4966 (3.85) 6.16 (4.22, 8.99) <.01 Non-Amphetamine 45/8267 (0.54) 31/4966 (0.62) Heart failure Amphetamine 35/4966 (0.7) 5.83 (2.89, 11.76) <.01 35/4966 (0.7) 3.5 (1.74, 7.06) <.01 Non-Amphetamine 10/8267 (0.12) 10/4966 (0.2) Stroke Amphetamine 25/4966 (0.5) 4.16 (2.0, 8.66) <.01 25/4966 (0.5) 2.5 (1.2, 5.2) .01 Non-Amphetamine 10/8266 (0.12 10/4966 (0.2) Myocardial infarction Amphetamine 10/4966 (0.2) 1.66 (0.69, 4.0) .25 10/4966 (0.2) 1.0 (0.42, 2.4) 1.0 Non-Amphetamine 10/8267 (0.12) 10/4966 (0.2) Ischemic heart disease Amphetamine 78/4966 (1.57) 8.12 (4.74, 13.88) <.01 78/4966 (1.57) 7.09 (3.78, 13.31) <.01 Non-Amphetamine 16/8267 (0.19) 11/4966 (0.22) Arrhythmias Amphetamine 69/4966 (1.39) 7.66 (4.39, 13.37) <.01 69/4966 (1.39) 6.9 (3.56, 13.38) <.01 Non-Amphetamine 15/8267 (0.18) 10/4966 (0.2) Atrial fibrillation Amphetamine 44/4966 (0.89) 7.32 (3.69, 14.54) <.01 44/4966 (0.89) 4.4 (2.22, 8.73) <.01 Non-Amphetamine 10/8267 (0.12) 10/4966 (0.2) CI, confidence interval.
Biological Metric Amphetamine (Mean ± SD) Non-Amphetamine (Mean ± SD) t Test P value HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) 59.38 ± 19.48 57.62 ± 18.22 2.9 <.01 LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) 105.96 ± 34.2 106.57 ± 34.52 −0.57 .57 Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 75.69 ± 10.38 74.63 ± 10.54 4.13 <.01 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 129.99 ± 17.24 128.54 ± 16.68 3.3 <.01 Hemoglobin A1c (%) 6.05 ± 1.08 6.02 ± 1.06 0.93 .35 HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD, standard deviation.
Coding System Code Description Adverse cardiovascular event codes ICD-10 F90 ADHD ICD-10 I48 Atrial fibrillation ICD-10 I49 Arrhythmia ICD-10 I50 Congestive heart failure ICD-10 I20; I22-I25 Ischemic heart disease ICD-10 I21 Myocardial infarction ICD-10 I63 Stroke Amphetamine-related medication codes RxNorm 725 Amphetamine RxNorm 3288 Dextroamphetamine RxNorm 6816 Methamphetamine RxNorm 6901 Methylphenidate RxNorm 700810 Lisdexamfetamine Comorbidity diagnosis codes ICD-10 E08-E13 Diabetes (type I and type II) ICD-10 I10 Essential hypertension Diagnostic testing codes LOINC 9000 Total cholesterol LOINC 9001 HDL LOINC 9002 LDL LOINC 9037 Hemoglobin A1c LOINC 9083 Body mass index LOINC 9085 Systolic blood pressure LOINC 9086 Diastolic blood pressure ADHD, attention-deficient/hyperactivity disorder. HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, Version 10; LDL, low density lipoprotein Cholesterol; LOINC, Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes.