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Research ArticleClinical Review

Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Emergency

Andrew D. P. Prince and Emily Z. Stucken
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine January 2021, 34 (1) 216-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2021.01.200199
Andrew D. P. Prince
From the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI (ADPP); Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (EZS).
BA
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Emily Z. Stucken
From the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI (ADPP); Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (EZS).
MD
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    Figure 1.

    Sudden sensory hearing loss management schematic. Abbreviations: TM, tympanic membrane; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; ABR, auditory brainstem response; OD, once daily; Dex, dexamethasone; Methylpred, methylprednisolone; HBOT, hyperbaric oxygen therapy; IT, intratympanic.

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    Figure 2.

    Recommended technique and result interpretation for Weber and Rinne testing.

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    Table 1.

    Nonidiopathic Causes of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

    CausesDiagnosis
    InfectionsHerpesviruses, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, human immunodeficiency virus, Lyme disease, meningitis
    Ototoxic drugsAminoglycosides, vancomycin, erythromycin, loop diuretics, antimalarials, cisplatin, sildenafil, cocaine
    NeoplasmsVestibular schwannoma, meningioma, intracranial metastases, lymphoma, leukemia, plasma cell dyscrasia
    TraumaHead injury, barotraumas, noise exposure
    Autoimmune diseaseCogan's syndrome, susac syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus; rheumatoid arthritis, sjögren's syndrome, vasculitides
    Vascular disorderVertebrobasilar cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack, cerebellar infarction, inner ear hemorrhage
    Various causesMeniere’s disease, otosclerosis, Paget’s disease, multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, hypothyroidism
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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 34 (1)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 34, Issue 1
January/February 2021
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Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Emergency
Andrew D. P. Prince, Emily Z. Stucken
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jan 2021, 34 (1) 216-223; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2021.01.200199

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Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Emergency
Andrew D. P. Prince, Emily Z. Stucken
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jan 2021, 34 (1) 216-223; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2021.01.200199
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Keywords

  • Audiology
  • Clinical Decision-Making
  • Conductive Hearing Loss
  • Family Medicine
  • Family Physicians
  • Otolaryngology
  • Primary Health Care
  • Sudden Hearing Loss

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