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Research ArticleOriginal Research

Changes in Opioid Prescribing for Chronic Pain in Washington State

Gary M. Franklin, Deborah Fulton-Kehoe, Judith A. Turner, Mark D. Sullivan and Thomas M. Wickizer
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine July 2013, 26 (4) 394-400; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2013.04.120274
Gary M. Franklin
the Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (GMF, DF-K) and Health Services (GMF), University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle; the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, Olympia (GMF); the Departments of Neurology (GMF), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (JAT), and Rehabilitation Medicine (JAT), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; and the Division of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (TMW).
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Deborah Fulton-Kehoe
the Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (GMF, DF-K) and Health Services (GMF), University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle; the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, Olympia (GMF); the Departments of Neurology (GMF), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (JAT), and Rehabilitation Medicine (JAT), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; and the Division of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (TMW).
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Judith A. Turner
the Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (GMF, DF-K) and Health Services (GMF), University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle; the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, Olympia (GMF); the Departments of Neurology (GMF), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (JAT), and Rehabilitation Medicine (JAT), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; and the Division of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (TMW).
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Mark D. Sullivan
the Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (GMF, DF-K) and Health Services (GMF), University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle; the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, Olympia (GMF); the Departments of Neurology (GMF), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (JAT), and Rehabilitation Medicine (JAT), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; and the Division of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (TMW).
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Thomas M. Wickizer
the Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (GMF, DF-K) and Health Services (GMF), University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle; the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, Olympia (GMF); the Departments of Neurology (GMF), Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (JAT), and Rehabilitation Medicine (JAT), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; and the Division of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (TMW).
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Article Figures & Data

Tables

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    Table 1. Opioid Prescribing Practices of 623 Primary Care Physician and Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner (ARNP) Survey Respondents, Overall and by Physician, ARNPs, and Two Large Practice Site Subgroups*
    Overall (623)PhysiciansARNPsSpokaneGroup Health
    Prescribes opioids to ≥50% of patients with CNCP186/610 (30.5)113/284 (39.8)52/240 (21.7)25/75 (33.3)9/48 (18.8)
    Now prescribes opioids to:
        More CNCP patients63/601 (10.5)29/284 (10.2)27/240 (11.3)3/73 (4.1)2/48 (4.2)
        Fewer CNCP patients267/601 (44.4)129/284 (45.4)103/240 (42.9)46/73 (63.0)29/48 (60.4)
        Stopped prescribing20/601 (3.3)6/284 (2.1)14/240 (5.8)2/73 (2.7)0/48 (0)
    Now prescribes:
        Higher doses more often34/594 (5.7)17/282 (6.0)12/238 (5.0)1/73 (1.4)1/47 (2.1)
        Higher doses less often277/594 (46.6)142/282 (50.4)97/238 (40.8)43/73 (58.9)27/47 (57.4)
        No Change262/594 (44.1)117/282 (41.5)116/238 (48.7)26/73 (35.6)18/47 (38.3)
    When prescribing opioids, how concerned are you about (% very concerned):
        Overdose or addiction or dependence or diversion425/588 (72.3)207/283 (73.1)169/236 (71.6)56/73 (76.7)29/47 (61.7)
        Regulatory scrutiny149/588 (25.3)79/283 (27.9)54/235 (23.0)21/72 (29.2)6/47(12.8)
    • Values are n/N (%).

    • ↵* There were 623 respondents who said that they treated patients with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), but the sample size for each question differed because of missing data and skip patterns. The physician, ARNP, Spokane, and Group Health categories are subgroups of the overall group and may overlap.

    • View popup
    Table 2. Availability/Use of Guidelines, Tools, and Consultation, by Group*
    Overall (n = 623)PhysiciansARNPsSpokaneGroup Health
    Read and/or applied guideline309/562 (55)200/282 (70.9)95/237 (40.1)33/65 (50.8)27/45 (60.0)
    Yellow flag dose (120 mg/day morphine equivalents) reasonable or too high489/561 (87.2)241/283 (85.2)211/237 (89.0)58/65 (89.2)42/46 (91.3)
    Tools available in clinic
        Policy, guideline, or algorithm for prescribing opioids for CNCP344/592 (58.1)194/285 (68.1)116/239 (48.5)39/72 (54.2)42/47 (89.4)
        Electronic prescription record linked to EMR440/590 (74.6)238/283 (84.1)150/240 (62.5)57/71 (80.3)45/46 (97.8)
    Of those who tried to obtain a pain management consultation, percentage never or almost never successful64/408 (15.7)34/219 (15.5)29/175 (16.6)17/40 (42.5)1/30 (3.3)
    How helpful would you find each of the following in managing your patients with CNCP? (% somewhat or very helpful)
        Telephone consultation with experts445/532 (83.6)219/282 (77.7)212/234 (90.6)49/61 (80.3)39/44 (88.6)
        Telemedicine or web-based tool360/532 (67.7)169/281 (60.1)178/235 (75.7)44/61 (72.1)28/43 (65.1)
        Web-based CME training466/531 (87.8)234/279 (83.9)218/235 (92.8)49/61 (80.3)40/43 (93.0)
        Patient decision aids468/533 (87.8)240/280 (85.7)213/237 (89.9)54/60 (90.0)37/43 (86.0)
        Advanced training that would provide a certificate of special competence in treatment of CNCP420/531 (79.1)195/278 (70.1)209/236 (88.6)41/60 (68.3)34/43 (79.1)
        Prescription monitoring program479/534 (89.7)255/280 (91.1)207/237 (87.3)57/61 (93.4)42/44 (95.5)
    Collaborative drug therapy agreement with pharmacists to prescribe or manage patients taking opioids (% yes)95/539 (17.6)96/284 (33.8)37/238 (15.5)8/62 (12.9)21/44 (47.7)
    • Values are n/N (%).

    • ↵* There were 623 respondents who said that they treated patients with chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), but the sample size for each question differed because of missing data and skip patterns. The physician, advanced registered nurse practitioner (ARNP), Spokane, and Group Health categories are subgroups of the overall group and may overlap.

    • CME, continuing medical education; EMR, electronic medical record; Q24f.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family     Medicine: 26 (4)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 26, Issue 4
July-August 2013
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Changes in Opioid Prescribing for Chronic Pain in Washington State
Gary M. Franklin, Deborah Fulton-Kehoe, Judith A. Turner, Mark D. Sullivan, Thomas M. Wickizer
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2013, 26 (4) 394-400; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2013.04.120274

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Changes in Opioid Prescribing for Chronic Pain in Washington State
Gary M. Franklin, Deborah Fulton-Kehoe, Judith A. Turner, Mark D. Sullivan, Thomas M. Wickizer
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2013, 26 (4) 394-400; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2013.04.120274
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