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Research ArticleOriginal Research

Does Literacy Education Improve Symptoms of Depression and Self-efficacy in Individuals with Low Literacy and Depressive Symptoms? A Preliminary Investigation

Laurie Francis, Barry D Weiss, Janet H Senf, Kim Heist and Rie Hargraves
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine January 2007, 20 (1) 23-27; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2007.01.060058
Laurie Francis
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Barry D Weiss
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Janet H Senf
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Kim Heist
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Rie Hargraves
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    Table 1.

    Demographic Characteristics of Subjects

    Characteristic
    Age in years: Mean (± SD)29.8 (±8.2)
        Range19 to 50
    GenderNumber (%)
        Female31 (79.5)
        Male8 (20.5)
    Ethnic group
        White36 (92.3)
        Hispanic1 (2.6)
        Native American2 (5.1)
    Insurance status
        Self-pay (no insurance)23 (59.0)
        Medicaid9 (23.1)
        Private (commercial)4 (10.3)
        Medicare3 (7.7)
    Occupation
        Employed (unskilled worker)17 (43.6)
        Homemaker13 (33.3)
        Unemployed6 (15.4)
        Student3 (7.7)
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    Table 2.

    GSE and PHQ-9 Scores

    MeasureBaseline n = 393 to 6 Months n = 266 to 12 Months n = 2412 to 15 Months n = 31Significance
    GSE
        Mean (SD)27.9 (3.7)29.0 (2.8)29.3 (1.7)29.9 (1.9)P = .019*
        Median28292930
    PHQ-9
        Mean (SD)11.9 (5.2)7.4 (5.0)7.5 (5.4)6.0 (3.9)P < .002†
        Median10754
    • * Difference between baseline and 12- to 15-month value significant by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test.

    • † All values significantly different from baseline value by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test.

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The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine: 20 (1)
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Vol. 20, Issue 1
January-February 2007
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Does Literacy Education Improve Symptoms of Depression and Self-efficacy in Individuals with Low Literacy and Depressive Symptoms? A Preliminary Investigation
Laurie Francis, Barry D Weiss, Janet H Senf, Kim Heist, Rie Hargraves
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jan 2007, 20 (1) 23-27; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2007.01.060058

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Does Literacy Education Improve Symptoms of Depression and Self-efficacy in Individuals with Low Literacy and Depressive Symptoms? A Preliminary Investigation
Laurie Francis, Barry D Weiss, Janet H Senf, Kim Heist, Rie Hargraves
The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jan 2007, 20 (1) 23-27; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2007.01.060058
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