Juan C. Nogues; Scott Fassas; Collin Mulcahy; Philip E. Zapanta
Corresponding Author: Juan C. Nogues; George Washington University. Email: nogues@gwu.edu
Section: Clinical Review
Publication Date: July 23, 2021
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has historically been attributable to tobacco and alcohol exposure and saw a decline in incidence after societal norms shifted away from smoking. In recent decades this disease has had a re-emergence due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, now surpassing cervical cancer as the number one cause of HPV-related cancer in the US. HPV positive OPSCC differs from HPV negative disease in epidemiology, prognosis, treatment, and prevention. Additionally, there is a deficit in awareness of the causal relationship between HPV and OPSCC. This, coupled with low vaccination rates, puts primary care providers in a unique position to play a vital role in prevention and early diagnosis. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, screening, patient presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention of HPV positive OPSCC, with a focus on the primary care provider's role.